{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T02:54:19Z","timestamp":1777431259508,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"2676","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1946,4,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The finding of abnormal estrogenic activity coupled with thiamine deficiency in cases of menorrhagia and uterine cancer suggests a possible etiological correlation between the dietary deficiency, the abnormal estrogen level, and the pathological lesion.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>The specific element deficient in these cases was thiamine, while the other B factors were normal.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>Preliminary report of the evidence is made in this small series while more extensive studies on a large series of cases are being pursued.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>Cornification in cytology smears was used to study estrogenic activity, since the present study was prompted by cytological findings; the method is simple, practical, and reasonably accurate. The urinary estimation measures only the amount excreted, and if liver impairment actually is present, the quantity excreted would not give a true index of the amount retained in the body.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>Further studies are being undertaken in which estrogenic, urinary, and cornification levels are being compared before and after thiamine administration in cases proven to be deficient.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.103.2676.441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,5]],"date-time":"2006-10-05T05:29:51Z","timestamp":1160026191000},"page":"441-445","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Thiamine Deficiency and High Estrogen Findings in Uterine Cancer and in Menorrhagia"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"J. Ernest","family":"Ayre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gyne-cytology Laboratory, Royal Victoria Hospital McGill University, Montreal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W. A. G.","family":"Bauld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gyne-cytology Laboratory, Royal Victoria Hospital McGill University, Montreal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1000340104","volume":"34","year":"1924","unstructured":"ALLEN, E, The hormone of the ovarian follicle; Its localization and action in test animals, and additional points bearing upon the internal secretion of the ovary, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ANATOMY 34: 133 (1924).","journal-title":"AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ANATOMY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1935.92760170001011","volume":"104","year":"1935","unstructured":"ALLEN, E, J AM MED ASS 104: 1496 (1935).","journal-title":"J AM MED ASS"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-30-5-819","volume":"30","year":"1942","unstructured":"BISKIND, M.S., Effect of vitamin B complex deficiency on inactivation of ovarian estrogen in the liver, ENDOCRINOLOGY 30: 819 (1942).","journal-title":"ENDOCRINOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-31-1-109","volume":"31","year":"1942","unstructured":"BISKIND, M.S., Effect of vitamin B complex deficiency on inactivation of estrone in the liver, ENDOCRINOLOGY 31: 109 (1942).","journal-title":"ENDOCRINOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"49","volume":"78","year":"1944","unstructured":"Biskind, M. S., Surgery, Gynecology & Obstetrics 78: 49 (1944).","journal-title":"Surgery, Gynecology & Obstetrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI101118"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"205","volume":"9","year":"1932","unstructured":"Goldberger, J., Practice of Medicine 9: 205 (1932).","journal-title":"Practice of Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.75.4.355","volume":"75","year":"1942","unstructured":"GYORGY, P, Observations on the conditions of dietary hepatic injury ( necrosis, cirrhosis) in rats, JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE 75: 355 (1942).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"31","volume":"53","year":"1945","unstructured":"HENRY, J.S., THE AVOIDANCE OF UNTOWARD EFFECTS OF OESTROGENIC THERAPY IN THE MENOPAUSE, CANADIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION JOURNAL 53: 31 (1945).","journal-title":"CANADIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION JOURNAL"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"631","volume":"81","year":"1945","unstructured":"HODGSON, J.E., GRANULOSA CELL TUMOR OF THE OVARY - A CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGIC REVIEW OF 62 CASES, SURGERY GYNECOLOGY & OBSTETRICS 81: 631 (1945).","journal-title":"SURGERY GYNECOLOGY & OBSTETRICS"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"1","volume":"32","year":"1943","unstructured":"DeAllende, I. 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