{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T16:27:19Z","timestamp":1791304039241,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"5586","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The presence of snow greatly perturbs the composition of near-surface polar air, and the higher concentrations of hydroxyl radicals (OH) observed result in a greater oxidative capacity of the lower atmosphere. Emissions of nitrogen oxides, nitrous acid, light aldehydes, acetone, and molecular halogens have also been detected. Photolysis of nitrate ions contained in the snow appears to play an important role in creating these perturbations. OH formed in the snowpack can oxidize organic matter and halide ions in the snow, producing carbonyl compounds and halogens that are released to the atmosphere or incorporated into snow crystals. These reactions modify the composition of the snow, of the interstitial air, and of the overlying atmosphere. Reconstructing the composition of past atmospheres from ice-core analyses may therefore require complex corrections and modeling for reactive species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1074610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,29]],"date-time":"2002-08-29T23:48:10Z","timestamp":1030664890000},"page":"1506-1510","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":482,"title":["Air-Snow Interactions and Atmospheric Chemistry"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"297","author":[{"given":"Florent","family":"Domine\u0301","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS, Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Ge\u0301ophysique de l'Environnement, B.P. 96, 54 Rue Molie\u0300re, 38402 Saint Martin d'He\u0300res cedex, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul B.","family":"Shepson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0477(1993)074<1689:GSCMAU>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3189\/172756400781820273"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/334138a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00055158"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(02)00121-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/359522a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/383327a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B. Michalowski J. S. Francisco Y. Li S.-M. Li P. B. Shepson J. Geophys. Res. 105 15 131 (2000).","DOI":"10.1029\/2000JD900004"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2000GL012603"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es0111941"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/JC088iC15p10785"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/1999GL900608"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2000GL011956"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2000GL012584"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(02)00132-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","unstructured":"H. J. Beine R. E. Honrath F. Domin\u00e9 W. Simpson J. D. Fuentes J. Geophys. Res. in press."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2001GL013531"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2000GL012711"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(02)00134-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(02)00128-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2001GL013158"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/18423"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/1999GL900327"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/a905368i"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(02)00106-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(02)00127-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.291.5503.471"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2000GL012129"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(02)00118-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/96RG03527"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. Toom-Sauntry L. A. Barrie Atmos. Environ. 36 2683 (2002).","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(02)00115-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/JC088iC09p05475"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(02)00111-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F. Domin\u00e9 A. Cabanes L. Legagneux Atmos. Environ. 36 2753. (2002).","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(02)00108-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(02)00119-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","unstructured":"F. Domin\u00e9 L. Hanot Geophys. Res. Lett. in press."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp962115o"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/96GL03290"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_40_2","unstructured":"The firn is the multiyear snowpack with an open porosity that allows interaction with the atmosphere."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2000JD900511"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_42_2","unstructured":"W. F. Petrenko R. W. Withworth Physics of Ice (Oxford Univ. Press New York (1999)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/la990799w"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.86.1554"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2000JD900413"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005804007355"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2000JD900361"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp0042009"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(02)00105-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2001GL013866"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_51_2","unstructured":"T. M. Dassau et al. J. Geophys. Res. in press 2002."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(02)00110-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_53_2","first-page":"10","volume":"22","author":"Wania F.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Wania F., Mackay D., Ambio 22, 10 (1993).","journal-title":"Ambio"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(02)00104-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es010786g"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/tellusb.v50i1.16020"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(02)00124-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/98JD00460"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_59_2","unstructured":"C. K. Holland et al. in IPCC 2001: Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis (Cambridge Univ. Press Cambridge UK 2001) p. 99."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_60_2","unstructured":"This work was funded by the French Polar Institute (IPEV) and CNRS (F.D.) and by NSF (P.B.S.). We thank A. L. Sumner and M. Albert for useful comments and suggestions and R. E. Honrath for providing the data for Fig. 2."}],"container-title":["Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/science.1074610","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T03:20:34Z","timestamp":1704856834000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.1074610"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,30]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5586","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/science.1074610"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1074610","relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-8075","1095-9203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-8075","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-9203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,30]]}}}