{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T06:33:12Z","timestamp":1791354792811,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"5605","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objects displaced intermittently across the visual field will nonetheless give an illusion of continuous motion [called apparent motion (AM)] under many common conditions. It is believed that form perception is of minor importance in determining AM, and that AM is mediated by motion-sensitive areas in the \u201cwhere\u201d pathway of the cortex. However, form and motion typically interact in specific ways when natural objects move through the environment. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure cortical activation to long-range AM, compared to short-range AM and flicker, while we varied stability of structural differences between forms. Long-range AM activated the anterior-temporal lobe in the visual ventral pathway, and the response varied according to the form stability. The results suggest that long-range AM is associated with neural systems for form perception.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1077091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,16]],"date-time":"2003-01-16T22:12:11Z","timestamp":1042755131000},"page":"417-420","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["Contributions of the Visual Ventral Pathway to Long-Range Apparent Motion"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"299","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhuo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science, Graduate School, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, 100101 Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tian Gang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science, Graduate School, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, 100101 Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heng Yi","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science, Graduate School, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, 100101 Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiong Jiong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science, Graduate School, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, 100101 Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science, Graduate School, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, 100101 Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Hospital, 1 DaiHua Road, 100730 Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Hospital, 1 DaiHua Road, 100730 Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science, Graduate School, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, 100101 Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","unstructured":"S. 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Short-range AM appears to coincide with image-level processing of motion; long-range AM is more naturally associated with form-level processing (13)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1037\/h0030156","volume":"87","author":"Kolers P. A.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Kolers P. A., Pomerantz J. R., J. Exp. Psychol. 87, 99 (1971).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","unstructured":"For example when an animal runs behind a sizable occluder (such as a large trunk) and has a somewhat different shape when emerging on the opposite side our normal perception is that despite its changes of shape it undergoes smooth motion and preserves its identity over time."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1068\/p140197","volume":"14","author":"Chen L.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Chen L., Perception 14, 197 (1985).","journal-title":"Perception"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","unstructured":"P. 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The Talairach coordinates of activation with pairs B C D and E are (\u201342 \u20139 \u201323) and (40 \u20133 \u201318) (\u201341 \u20136 \u201327) and (41 \u20136 \u201324) (\u201338 \u20135 \u201326) and (42 \u20137 \u201324) and (\u201336 \u20139 \u201324) and (39 \u201310 \u201324) respectively."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","unstructured":"The mathematician Klein in 1872 proposed a general principle for constructing different geometries that is now known as the Erlangen Program in which arbitrary mathematical groups of transformations were applied to describe the geometrical invariants of forms under changes. Using this principle Klein built a hierarchy of geometries stratified in ascending order of stability: Euclidean geometry affine geometry projective geometry and finally topology with the highest stability. 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