{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T02:06:51Z","timestamp":1791252411030,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"5613","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Loss of imprinting (LOI), an epigenetic alteration affecting the insulin-like growth factor II gene (\n                    <jats:italic>IGF2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), is found in normal colonic mucosa of about 30% of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, but it is found in only 10% of healthy individuals. In a pilot study to investigate the utility of LOI as a marker of CRC risk, we evaluated 172 patients at a colonoscopy clinic. The adjusted odds ratio for LOI in lymphocytes was 5.15 for patients with a positive family history [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.70 to 16.96; probability\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.002], 3.46 for patients with adenomas (95% CI, 1.14 to 11.37;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.026), and 21.7 for patients with CRC (95% CI, 3.48 to 153.6;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.0005). LOI can be assayed with a DNA-based blood test, and it may be a valuable predictive marker of an individual's risk for CRC.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1080902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,13]],"date-time":"2003-03-13T16:43:18Z","timestamp":1047573798000},"page":"1753-1755","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":597,"title":["Loss of\n                    <i>IGF2<\/i>\n                    Imprinting: A Potential Marker of Colorectal Cancer Risk"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"299","author":[{"given":"Hengmi","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcia","family":"Cruz-Correa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis M.","family":"Giardiello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine,"},{"name":"Department of Oncology,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David F.","family":"Hutcheon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Kafonek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheri","family":"Brandenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiqian","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaobing","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil R.","family":"Powe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine,"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew P.","family":"Feinberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine,"},{"name":"Department of Oncology,"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1064 Ross Building, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-002-0011-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.27996"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2001.19.19.3944"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","unstructured":"A. P. Feinberg in The Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease C. R. Scriver et al. Eds. (McGraw-Hill New York 2002) chap. 18."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/93.22.1698"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1992.69"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-71-5-1168"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","first-page":"325","volume":"1","author":"El-Badry O. M.","year":"1990","unstructured":"El-Badry O. M., et al., Cell Growth Differ. 1, 325 (1990).","journal-title":"Cell Growth Differ."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","first-page":"6691","volume":"48","author":"Yee D.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Yee D., et al., Cancer Res. 48, 6691 (1988).","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910610425"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","first-page":"3182","volume":"52","author":"Pommier G. J.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Pommier G. J., et al., Cancer Res. 52, 3182 (1992).","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/3260"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","unstructured":"Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects. The protocol was approved by the Johns Hopkins Joint Committee on Clinical Investigation."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","unstructured":"Materials and methods are available as supporting material on Science Online."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.21.11757"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(90)90186-I"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","unstructured":"H. Cui et al. data not shown."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","first-page":"6442","volume":"62","author":"Cui H.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cui H., et al., Cancer Res. 62, 6442 (2002).","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4916"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra013182"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","unstructured":"We thank M. Graber for preparing the manuscript. This work was supported by NIH grants R01 CA65145 (to A.P.F.) and K07 CA092445 (to M.C.-C.) the Maryland Cigarette Restitution Fund and the John G. Rangos Sr. Family Charitable Foundation (to F.M.G.). Under a licensing agreement between Epigenomics AG and the Johns Hopkins University H. C. M.C.-C. and A.P.F. are entitled to a share of royalty received by the university on sales of licensed technology described in this article. A.P.F. is also a paid consultant to Epigenomics AG. The terms of this arrangement are being managed by the Johns Hopkins University in accordance with its conflict of interest policies."}],"container-title":["Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/science.1080902","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T21:42:29Z","timestamp":1704836549000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.1080902"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,14]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5613","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,14]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/science.1080902"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1080902","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1012746.186794","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0036-8075","1095-9203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-8075","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-9203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,14]]}}}