{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:07:08Z","timestamp":1784592428674,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"5617","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The Human Genome Project has been the first major foray of the biological and medical research communities into \u201cbig science.\u201d In this Viewpoint, we present some of our experiences in organizing and managing such a complicated, publicly funded, international effort. We believe that many of the lessons we learned will be applicable to future large-scale projects in biology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1084564","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,10]],"date-time":"2003-04-10T20:24:47Z","timestamp":1050006287000},"page":"286-290","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":925,"title":["The Human Genome Project: Lessons from Large-Scale Biology"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"300","author":[{"given":"Francis S.","family":"Collins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 31, Room 4B09, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Wellcome Trust, 183 Easton Road, London NW1 2BE, England."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aristides","family":"Patrinos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Department of Energy, 1000 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, DC 20585, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","unstructured":"J. D. Watson The New York Times 5 June 1990 p. C1."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","unstructured":"W. H. Lambright Managing \u201cBig Science\u201d: A Case Study of the Human Genome Project (The Price Waterhouse Coopers Endowment for the Business of Government Arlington VA 2002). Available at www.endowment.pwcglobal.com\/pdfs\/LambrightReport2.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2181665"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","unstructured":"J. Sulston G. Ferry The Common Thread: A Story of Science Politics Ethics and the Human Genome (Joseph Henry Press Washington DC 2002) pp. 73\u201376."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(02)00333-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services U.S. Department of Energy Understanding Our Genetic Inheritance. The U.S. Human Genome Project: The First Five Years (Government Printing Office Washington DC 1990)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8211127"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5389.682"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","unstructured":"NHGRI Standard for Quality of Human Genomic Sequence [revised 10 February 2002]. Available at www.genome.gov\/page.cfm?pageID=10000923."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","unstructured":"\u201cSharing Data from Large-scale Biological Research Projects \u201d meeting sponsored by The Wellcome Trust Fort Lauderdale FL January 2003. Available at www.wellcome.ac.uk\/en\/1\/awtpubrepdat.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","unstructured":"The ENCODE Project: ENCyclopedia Of DNA Elements [updated February 2003]. Available at www.genome.gov\/Pages\/Research\/ENCODE\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","unstructured":"Structural Biology Consortium [updated 19 April 2001]. Available at www.wellcome.ac.uk\/en\/1\/biosfgstr.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","unstructured":"Genomes to Life [updated 26 February 2003]. Available at ."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","unstructured":"NHGRI The Haplotype Map. Available at www. genome.gov\/Pages\/Research\/HapMap."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","unstructured":"F. S. Collins et al. Nature in press."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","unstructured":"We express our profound gratitude to leaders of all of the sequencing centers involved in the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium along with all other participants in the HGP 1990 to 2003."}],"container-title":["Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/science.1084564","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T02:28:53Z","timestamp":1704853733000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.1084564"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,11]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5617","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/science.1084564"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1084564","relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-8075","1095-9203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-8075","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-9203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,11]]}}}