{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T12:39:24Z","timestamp":1791463164184,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"5662","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The transcriptional regulatory networks that specify and maintain human tissue diversity are largely uncharted. To gain insight into this circuitry, we used chromatin immunoprecipitation combined with promoter microarrays to identify systematically the genes occupied by the transcriptional regulators HNF1\u03b1, HNF4\u03b1, and HNF6, together with RNA polymerase II, in human liver and pancreatic islets. We identified tissue-specific regulatory circuits formed by HNF1\u03b1, HNF4\u03b1, and HNF6 with other transcription factors, revealing how these factors function as master regulators of hepatocyte and islet transcription. Our results suggest how misregulation of HNF4\u03b1 can contribute to type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1089769","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,26]],"date-time":"2004-02-26T17:14:31Z","timestamp":1077815671000},"page":"1378-1381","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1139,"title":["Control of Pancreas and Liver Gene Expression by HNF Transcription Factors"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"303","author":[{"given":"Duncan T.","family":"Odom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA."},{"name":"Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA."},{"name":"MIT Laboratory of Computer Science, 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA."},{"name":"Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medicine, and Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nora","family":"Zizlsperger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA."},{"name":"Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA."},{"name":"MIT Laboratory of Computer Science, 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA."},{"name":"Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medicine, and Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. 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Diabetes in press."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","unstructured":"We thank the anonymous donors who made this research possible. We are grateful to G. Weir S. Bonner-Weir and J. Kushner for helpful discussions and access to the resources of the Joslin Diabetes Center. Tissue distribution programs were supported by the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation and the Liver Tissue Procurement and Distribution System (National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases contract N01-DK-9-2310). We thank the Whitehead Institute Center for Microarray Technology and Whitehead Institute Biocomputing for technical support and S. Strom and A. Omer for experimental support. 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