{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T20:54:36Z","timestamp":1782334476413,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"5677","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The carbon sink capacity of the world's agricultural and degraded soils is 50 to 66% of the historic carbon loss of 42 to 78 gigatons of carbon. The rate of soil organic carbon sequestration with adoption of recommended technologies depends on soil texture and structure, rainfall, temperature, farming system, and soil management. Strategies to increase the soil carbon pool include soil restoration and woodland regeneration, no-till farming, cover crops, nutrient management, manuring and sludge application, improved grazing, water conservation and harvesting, efficient irrigation, agroforestry practices, and growing energy crops on spare lands. An increase of 1 ton of soil carbon pool of degraded cropland soils may increase crop yield by 20 to 40 kilograms per hectare (kg\/ha) for wheat, 10 to 20 kg\/ha for maize, and 0.5 to 1 kg\/ha for cowpeas. As well as enhancing food security, carbon sequestration has the potential to offset fossilfuel emissions by 0.4 to 1.2 gigatons of carbon per year, or 5 to 15% of the global fossil-fuel emissions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1097396","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,10]],"date-time":"2004-06-10T19:53:06Z","timestamp":1086897186000},"page":"1623-1627","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6653,"title":["Soil Carbon Sequestration Impacts on Global Climate Change and Food Security"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"304","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Lal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Carbon Management and Sequestration Center, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH 43210, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:CLIM.0000004577.17928.fa"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","first-page":"181","year":"2000","unstructured":"Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 2000), pp. 181\u2013281.","journal-title":"Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2113(01)71014-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/EA01175"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/EA9950857"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj2001.6551486x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4141\/S99-045"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj2002.1930"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012617516477"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-100x.2000.80054.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","first-page":"43","year":"2001","unstructured":"L. C. Nordt, L. P. Wilding, L. R. Drees, in Global Climate Change and Pedogenic Carbonates, R. Lal, J. M. Kimble, H. Eswaran, B. A. Stewart, Eds. (CRC\/Lewis, Boca Raton, FL, 2001), pp. 43\u201363.","journal-title":"Global Climate Change and Pedogenic Carbonates"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","first-page":"182","year":"1984","unstructured":"R. Levy, in Chemistry of Irrigated Soils, R. Levy, Ed. (Van Nostrand-Reinhold, New York, 1984), pp. 182\u2013229.","journal-title":"Chemistry of Irrigated Soils"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/713610854"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0269-7491(01)00221-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-1987(01)00180-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","unstructured":"R. Lal Environ. Int. in press."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","unstructured":"International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC) World Fertilizer Consumption (IFDC Muscle Shoals AL 2000)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2000GB001341"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1065256"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2003.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","unstructured":"R. Lalet al. Assessment Methods for Soil Carbon (CRC Boca Raton FL 2001)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1092958"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1093079"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/agro:2002043"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012617517839"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","first-page":"1","volume":"41","year":"1986","unstructured":"C. Pieri, Agron. Trop41, 1 (1986).","journal-title":"Agron. Trop"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4290(02)00008-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj1994.03615995005800010027x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-2743.1986.tb00690.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-1987(01)00274-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8809(00)00280-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","first-page":"21","year":"1995","unstructured":"S. Petchawee, W. Chaitep, in Organic Matter Management in Upland Systems in Thailand (Australian Center for International Agricultural Research, Canberra, Australia, 1995), pp. 21\u201326.","journal-title":"Organic Matter Management in Upland Systems in Thailand"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7061(81)90037-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","first-page":"96","volume":"74","year":"1997","unstructured":"J. A. Aune, R. Lal, Trop. Agric.74, 96 (1997).","journal-title":"Trop. Agric."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0038-0717(99)00088-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ss.0000106407.84926.6b"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8809(01)00218-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/CSS-120000251"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_41_2","unstructured":"This work was sponsored by the Carbon Management and Sequestration Center School of Natural Resources Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center and the Climate Change CIRIT The Ohio State University Columbus OH."}],"container-title":["Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/science.1097396","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T04:14:59Z","timestamp":1704860099000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.1097396"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,11]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5677","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/science.1097396"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1097396","relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-8075","1095-9203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-8075","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-9203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,11]]}}}