{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T23:56:05Z","timestamp":1782777365764,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"5702","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES) on Opportunity investigated the mineral abundances and compositions of outcrops, rocks, and soils at Meridiani Planum. Coarse crystalline hematite and olivine-rich basaltic sands were observed as predicted from orbital TES spectroscopy. Outcrops of aqueous origin are composed of 15 to 35% by volume magnesium and calcium sulfates [a high-silica component modeled as a combination of glass, feldspar, and sheet silicates (\u00e2\u0088\u00bc20 to 30%)], and hematite; only minor jarosite is identified in Mini-TES spectra. Mini-TES spectra show only a hematite signature in the millimeter-sized spherules. Basaltic materials have more plagioclase than pyroxene, contain olivine, and are similar in inferred mineral composition to basalt mapped from orbit. Bounce rock is dominated by clinopyroxene and is close in inferred mineral composition to the basaltic martian meteorites. Bright wind streak material matches global dust. Waterlain rocks covered by unaltered basaltic sands suggest a change from an aqueous environment to one dominated by physical weathering.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1104909","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,2]],"date-time":"2004-12-02T21:18:11Z","timestamp":1102022291000},"page":"1733-1739","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":379,"title":["Mineralogy at Meridiani Planum from the Mini-TES Experiment on the Opportunity Rover"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"306","author":[{"given":"P. R.","family":"Christensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA."},{"name":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA."},{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."},{"name":"Department of Geological Science, Reno, NV 89557, USA."},{"name":"Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. B.","family":"Wyatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA."},{"name":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA."},{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."},{"name":"Department of Geological Science, Reno, NV 89557, USA."},{"name":"Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. D.","family":"Glotch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA."},{"name":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA."},{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."},{"name":"Department of Geological Science, Reno, NV 89557, USA."},{"name":"Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. D.","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA."},{"name":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA."},{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."},{"name":"Department of Geological Science, Reno, NV 89557, USA."},{"name":"Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Anwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA."},{"name":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA."},{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."},{"name":"Department of Geological Science, Reno, NV 89557, USA."},{"name":"Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. E.","family":"Arvidson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA."},{"name":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA."},{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."},{"name":"Department of Geological Science, Reno, NV 89557, USA."},{"name":"Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. L.","family":"Bandfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA."},{"name":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA."},{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."},{"name":"Department of Geological Science, Reno, NV 89557, USA."},{"name":"Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. L.","family":"Blaney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA."},{"name":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA."},{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."},{"name":"Department of Geological Science, Reno, NV 89557, USA."},{"name":"Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Budney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA."},{"name":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA."},{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."},{"name":"Department of Geological Science, Reno, NV 89557, USA."},{"name":"Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. M.","family":"Calvin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA."},{"name":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA."},{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."},{"name":"Department of Geological Science, Reno, NV 89557, USA."},{"name":"Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Fallacaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA."},{"name":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA."},{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."},{"name":"Department of Geological Science, Reno, NV 89557, USA."},{"name":"Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. L.","family":"Fergason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA."},{"name":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA."},{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."},{"name":"Department of Geological Science, Reno, NV 89557, USA."},{"name":"Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Gorelick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA."},{"name":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA."},{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."},{"name":"Department of Geological Science, Reno, NV 89557, USA."},{"name":"Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. G.","family":"Graff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA."},{"name":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA."},{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."},{"name":"Department of Geological Science, Reno, NV 89557, USA."},{"name":"Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V. E.","family":"Hamilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA."},{"name":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA."},{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."},{"name":"Department of Geological Science, Reno, NV 89557, USA."},{"name":"Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. G.","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA."},{"name":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA."},{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."},{"name":"Department of Geological Science, Reno, NV 89557, USA."},{"name":"Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. R.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA."},{"name":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA."},{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."},{"name":"Department of Geological Science, Reno, NV 89557, USA."},{"name":"Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. T.","family":"Knudson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA."},{"name":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA."},{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."},{"name":"Department of Geological Science, Reno, NV 89557, USA."},{"name":"Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"H. Y.","family":"McSween","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA."},{"name":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA."},{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."},{"name":"Department of Geological Science, Reno, NV 89557, USA."},{"name":"Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. L.","family":"Mehall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA."},{"name":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA."},{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."},{"name":"Department of Geological Science, Reno, NV 89557, USA."},{"name":"Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. K.","family":"Mehall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA."},{"name":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA."},{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."},{"name":"Department of Geological Science, Reno, NV 89557, USA."},{"name":"Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. E.","family":"Moersch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA."},{"name":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA."},{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."},{"name":"Department of Geological Science, Reno, NV 89557, USA."},{"name":"Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. V.","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA."},{"name":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA."},{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."},{"name":"Department of Geological Science, Reno, NV 89557, USA."},{"name":"Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. D.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA."},{"name":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA."},{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."},{"name":"Department of Geological Science, Reno, NV 89557, USA."},{"name":"Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. W.","family":"Squyres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA."},{"name":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA."},{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."},{"name":"Department of Geological Science, Reno, NV 89557, USA."},{"name":"Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. W.","family":"Ruff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA."},{"name":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA."},{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."},{"name":"Department of Geological Science, Reno, NV 89557, USA."},{"name":"Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. J.","family":"Wolff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA."},{"name":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA."},{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."},{"name":"Department of Geological Science, Reno, NV 89557, USA."},{"name":"Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2001JC001075"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","unstructured":"Two-point radiometric calibration was intended to use two V-groove blackbody targets. However as with the Spirit rover the temperature sensors attached to the rover deck failed at extremely low temperatures (\u00e2\u0088\u00bc\u00e2\u0080\u009390\u00c2\u00b0C) on the first night after landing. The calibration was modified to use prelaunch measurements of the instrument response function taken over temperature with the instrument radiance determined from observations of the target mounted in the Pancam Mast Assembly. On the basis of comparison with orbiting Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) TES data and modeling of the atmospheric observations the response function has not changed from prelaunch values and the calibration approach is providing the required accuracy. The 1\u00cf\u0083 radiometric precision for two-spectra summing is \u00c2\u00b11.8 \u00c3\u0097 10 \u00e2\u0080\u00938 W cm \u00e2\u0080\u00932 sr \u00e2\u0080\u00931 \/cm \u00e2\u0080\u00931 between 450 and 1300 cm \u00e2\u0080\u00931 increasing to \u00e2\u0088\u00bc7 \u00c3\u0097 10 \u00e2\u0080\u00938 W cm \u00e2\u0080\u00932 sr \u00e2\u0080\u00931 \/cm \u00e2\u0080\u00931 at shorter (300 cm \u00e2\u0080\u00931 ) and longer (1800 cm \u00e2\u0080\u00931 ) wave numbers. The absolute radiance error is <5 \u00c3\u0097 10 \u00e2\u0080\u00938 W cm 10\u00e2\u0080\u00932 sr \u00e2\u0080\u00931 \/cm \u00e2\u0080\u00931 decreasing to \u00e2\u0088\u00bc1 \u00c3\u0097 10 \u00e2\u0080\u00938 W cm \u00e2\u0080\u00932 sr \u00e2\u0080\u00931 \/cm \u00e2\u0080\u00931 ."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1100564"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1106171"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","unstructured":"Names have been assigned to aerographic features by the MER team for planning and operations purposes. The names are not formally recognized by the International Astronomical Union."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1105245"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1104257"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","unstructured":"The downwelling radiance is removed by solving for \u00cf\u00b5 in the equation: radiance = B ( T surface \u00c3\u0097 \u00cf\u00b5 surface ) + ( R atmosphere \u00c3\u0097 R surface ) where radiance is the measured total radiance from the surface B is the Planck function T surface is the surface temperature \u00cf\u00b5 surface is the surface emissivity R atmosphere is the downwelling atmospheric radiance and R surface is the surface infrared reflectivity that is equal to (1 \u00e2\u0080\u0093 \u00cf\u00b5 surface ). The surface temperature is derived from the measured Mini-TES spectrum ( 1 3 ). R atmosphere is the hemispherically integrated downwelling from the atmosphere and is approximated with Mini-TES observations taken at an emission angle of 60\u00c2\u00b0 from the zenith. The spectral radiance of the atmospheric path between Mini-TES and the target is assumed to be negligible and the atmospheric transmissivity in this path is assumed to be 1.0. Removing the downwelling radiance deepens the absorption bands ( 1 ) but given the relatively high surface temperatures (typically >265 K) and the relatively low atmospheric opacity the effect of the atmosphere on the spectra presented here is relatively small; the derived mineral abundances typically vary by less than 5% for any mineral for deconvolutions done with and without an atmospheric correction. Calculations based on the Discrete Ordinate Radiative Transfer code and including emitted absorbed and scattered surface and atmospheric radiative terms support the above conclusions."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1104358"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","unstructured":"\u00e2\u0080\u009cDust\u00e2\u0080\u009d is used throughout to indicate the fine-grained component of surface materials with similar spectral character to regional dust deposits observed by MGS TES and interpreted to be air fallout from regional and global dust storms."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","unstructured":"The mineral suite used for deconvolution included a broad range of sulfate carbonate sheet silicates oxides pyroxene feldspar olivine and surface dust compositions."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/JB091iB08p08098"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/97JB02784"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/1999JE001034"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/1999JE001113"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","unstructured":"The Mini-TES\u00e2\u0080\u0093derived volume abundances are estimated to have accuracies of \u00c2\u00b15 to 10% on the basis of similar analyses of laboratory and MGS TES rock and mineral mixtures. The abundances listed in the figures and tables are the numerical best fit values derived from the linear least squares deconvolution model and are reported at the precision determined from the deconvolution model."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1104653"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1104559"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","unstructured":"The Mini-TES nominal field of view is 20 mrad at infinity. For near-field observations the field of view is the aperture diameter (6.35 cm) plus the 20-mrad divergence from the location of the telescope to the point being observed. Targets in the arm work volume are \u00e2\u0088\u00bc1.5 m in front of the rover giving a total path length of \u00e2\u0088\u00bc3 m from the Mini-TES telescope. The resulting Mini-TES field of view is \u00e2\u0088\u00bc12 cm at the end of the rover arm."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1105286"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/93JB01559"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2000JE001356"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2000JE001353"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/1999JE001127"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. L. Bandfield J. Geophys. Res.107 10.1029\/2001JE001510 (2002).","DOI":"10.1029\/2001JE001510"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/1999JE001093"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2000JE001415"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","unstructured":"A martian solar day has a mean period of 24 hours 39 min 35.244 s and is referred to as a sol to distinguish this from a roughly 3% shorter day on Earth."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","unstructured":"The millimeter-sized spherules are substantially larger than the wavelength of the emitted radiance. In this case emission from the spherules should not exhibit angle-dependent emission because of Fresnel effects which would be expected for a specular surface composed of particles comparable in size to the wavelength measured."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1105127"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","unstructured":"The term martian soil is used here to denote any loose unconsolidated materials that can be distinguished from rocks bedrock or strongly cohesive sediments. No implication of the presence or absence of organic materials or living matter is intended."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","first-page":"EO7003","volume":"109","year":"2004","unstructured":"T. D. Glotch, R. V. Morris, P. R. Christensen, T. G. Sharp, J. Geophys. Res.109, EO7003, 10.1029\/2003JE002224 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/93JB00135"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1104211"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","unstructured":"The Fo (forsterite) value is the amount of FeO in the olivine where forsterite is the Mg endmember and fayalite is the Fe endmember."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5458.1626"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_2","unstructured":"R. Greeley M. D. Kraft Lunar and Planet. Sci. XXXII CD-ROM (abstr. 1839) (2001)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2002JE001913"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3050842"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1945-5100.1994.tb01092.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_42_2","first-page":"21","volume":"36","year":"2001","unstructured":"J. L. Bishop, V. E. Hamilton, 64th Annual Meteoritical Society Meeting36, 21 (abstr. 5217) (2001).","journal-title":"64th Annual Meteoritical Society Meeting"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/97JE01874"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(83)90309-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_45_2","first-page":"5135","volume":"108","year":"2003","unstructured":"H. Y. McSween Jr., T. L. Grove, W. B. Wyatt, J. Geophys. Res.108, 5135, 10.1029\/2003JE002175 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1945-5100.2003.tb00284.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1088054"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0019-1035(81)90011-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. R. Johnson P. R. Christensen P. G. Lucey J. Geophys. Res.107 10.1029\/2000JE001405 (2002).","DOI":"10.1029\/2000JE001405"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_50_2","unstructured":"T. G. Graff thesis Arizona State University (2003)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1130\/0091-7613(2001)029<0407:EFEDOT>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2002JE001891"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_53_2","first-page":"1770","volume":"30","year":"2003","unstructured":"M. D. Lane, P. R. Christensen, W. K. Hartmann, Geophys. Res. Lett.30, 1770, 10.1029\/2003GL017183 (2003).","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2003JE002233"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-1035(03)00173-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_56_2","first-page":"8073","volume":"108","year":"2003","unstructured":"R. E. Arvidson et al., J. Geophys. Res.108, 8073, 10.1029\/2002JE001982 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_57_2","first-page":"5126","volume":"107","year":"2002","unstructured":"M. D. Lane, R. V. Morris, S. A. Mertzman, P. R. Christensen, J. Geophys. Res.107, 5126, 10.1029\/2001JE001832 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1089647"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1130\/G20527.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_60_2","unstructured":"We thank all of the individuals at Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing led by S. Silverman and at the Jet Propulsion Lab whose effort and dedication have led to the successful acquisition of Mini-TES data from the surface at Meridiani Planum. We thank J. Bishop for providing the spectrum of EET A79001B. A. Watson provided assistance with data processing analysis. Funding was provided by the MER Project Science Office."}],"container-title":["Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/science.1104909","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T04:30:59Z","timestamp":1704861059000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.1104909"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,3]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5702","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/science.1104909"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1104909","relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-8075","1095-9203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-8075","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-9203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,3]]}}}