{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T15:48:49Z","timestamp":1791215329911,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"5700","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We demonstrate the efficient chemical vapor deposition synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes where the activity and lifetime of the catalysts are enhanced by water. Water-stimulated enhanced catalytic activity results in massive growth of superdense and vertically aligned nanotube forests with heights up to 2.5 millimeters that can be easily separated from the catalysts, providing nanotube material with carbon purity above 99.98%. Moreover, patterned, highly organized intrinsic nanotube structures were successfully fabricated. The water-assisted synthesis method addresses many critical problems that currently plague carbon nanotube synthesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1104962","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,18]],"date-time":"2004-11-18T21:33:51Z","timestamp":1100813631000},"page":"1362-1364","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2517,"title":["Water-Assisted Highly Efficient Synthesis of Impurity-Free Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"306","author":[{"given":"Kenji","family":"Hata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Advanced Carbon Materials, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8565, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Don N.","family":"Futaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Advanced Carbon Materials, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8565, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kohei","family":"Mizuno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Advanced Carbon Materials, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8565, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsunori","family":"Namai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Advanced Carbon Materials, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8565, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motoo","family":"Yumura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Advanced Carbon Materials, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8565, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumio","family":"Iijima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Advanced Carbon Materials, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8565, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02278"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"Material and methods are available as supporting material on Science Online."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nl025876d"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-2614(02)01420-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp0114891"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1072631"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/383679a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp962888c"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1557\/JMR.2001.0428"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","unstructured":"We thank Y. Kakudate for x-ray analyses T. Yokoi for assistance with spectrofluorimetric measurements K. Suenaga K. Urita for some TEM observations and T. Okazaki and M. Yudasaka for helpful discussions. Partial support by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) Nano Carbon Technology project and the use of the AIST Nano-Processing Facility are acknowledged."}],"container-title":["Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/science.1104962","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T04:44:31Z","timestamp":1704861871000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.1104962"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,19]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5700","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,19]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/science.1104962"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1104962","relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-8075","1095-9203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-8075","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-9203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,19]]}}}