{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:04:15Z","timestamp":1791295455156,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"5773","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Microbial pathogens that normally inhabit our environment can adapt to thrive inside mammalian hosts. There are six dimorphic fungi that cause disease worldwide, which switch from nonpathogenic molds in soil to pathogenic yeast after spores are inhaled and exposed to elevated temperature. Mechanisms that regulate this switch remain obscure. We show that a hybrid histidine kinase senses host signals and triggers the transition from mold to yeast. The kinase also regulates cell-wall integrity, sporulation, and expression of virulence genes in vivo. This global regulator shapes how dimorphic fungal pathogens adapt to the mammalian host, which has broad implications for treating and preventing systemic fungal disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1124105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,27]],"date-time":"2006-04-27T17:18:09Z","timestamp":1146158289000},"page":"583-588","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":342,"title":["Global Control of Dimorphism and Virulence in Fungi"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"312","author":[{"given":"Julie C.","family":"Nemecek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin Medical School, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI 53792, USA."},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin Medical School, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI 53792, USA."},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Wisconsin Medical School, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI 53792, USA."},{"name":"The Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin Medical School, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI 53792, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"Wu\u0308thrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin Medical School, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI 53792, USA."},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin Medical School, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI 53792, USA."},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Wisconsin Medical School, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI 53792, USA."},{"name":"The Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin Medical School, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI 53792, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce S.","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin Medical School, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI 53792, USA."},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin Medical School, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI 53792, USA."},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Wisconsin Medical School, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI 53792, USA."},{"name":"The Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin Medical School, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI 53792, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-130-4-199902160-00015"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","first-page":"103","year":"1971","unstructured":"L. Ajello, in Histoplasmosis: Proceedings of the Second National Congress, L. Ajello, C. W. Chick, M. F. Furcolow, Eds., Atlanta, GA, October 1969 (Thomas, Springfield, IL, 1971), pp. 103\u2013122.","journal-title":"Histoplasmosis: Proceedings of the Second National Congress"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199011000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5520(02)00040-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","first-page":"29","volume":"1","year":"1986","unstructured":"B. S. Klein, J. M. Vergeront, J. P. Davis, Semin. Respir. Infect.1, 29 (1986).","journal-title":"Semin. Respir. Infect."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.53.2.186-209.1989"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3001938"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114406"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.290.5495.1368"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.62.8.3543-3546.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.1.6.895-905.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2001.02300.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.189.8.1207"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","unstructured":"Materials and methods are available as supporting material on Science Online."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.177.11.3104-3110.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","unstructured":"GSC BLAST search (http:\/\/genomeold.wustl.edu\/blast\/histo_client.cgi)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/17.23.6952"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.12.7069"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.181.23.7243-7247.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8211183"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","first-page":"5408","volume":"13","year":"1993","unstructured":"T. Maeda, A. Y. Tsai, H. Saito, Mol. Cell. Biol.13, 5408 (1993).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02208613"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.1.2.163-173.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2004.04131.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-5814.2003.00268.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","first-page":"re1","volume":"2001","year":"2001","unstructured":"J. L. Santos, K. Shiozaki, Sci. STKE2001, re1 (2001).","journal-title":"Sci. STKE"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.9.2.311"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s000180050094"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.56.3.711-713.1988"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80162-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.7.1700"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(99)80228-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","unstructured":"We thank T. Sullivan and P. Rooney (University of Wisconsin-Madison) for assistance advice and discussion; R. Gordon for assistance with graphics; W. Goldman and C. Rappleye (Washington University in St. Louis) for advice and reagents regarding RNAi; and J. Fassler (University of Iowa) for strains of S. cerevisiae . The sequence for DRK1 has been deposited at GenBank with accession number DQ420627. This work was supported by funds from the NIH."}],"container-title":["Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/science.1124105","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T22:50:39Z","timestamp":1704840639000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.1124105"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,28]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5773","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,28]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/science.1124105"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1124105","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1005615.618038","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1005615.373047","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1005615.372940","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0036-8075","1095-9203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-8075","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-9203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,28]]}}}