{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T05:34:03Z","timestamp":1792128843127,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"5787","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Human choices are remarkably susceptible to the manner in which options are presented. This so-called \u201cframing effect\u201d represents a striking violation of standard economic accounts of human rationality, although its underlying neurobiology is not understood. We found that the framing effect was specifically associated with amygdala activity, suggesting a key role for an emotional system in mediating decision biases. Moreover, across individuals, orbital and medial prefrontal cortex activity predicted a reduced susceptibility to the framing effect. This finding highlights the importance of incorporating emotional processes within models of human choice and suggests how the brain may modulate the effect of these biasing influences to approximate rationality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1128356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,3]],"date-time":"2006-08-03T18:04:15Z","timestamp":1154628255000},"page":"684-687","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1173,"title":["Frames, Biases, and Rational Decision-Making in the Human Brain"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"313","author":[{"given":"Benedetto","family":"De Martino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1 3AR, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dharshan","family":"Kumaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1 3AR, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Seymour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1 3AR, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond J.","family":"Dolan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1 3AR, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-7295.1982.tb01138.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/296365"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","unstructured":"J. von Neumann O. Morgenstern Theory of Games and Economic Behavior (Princeton Univ. Press Princeton NJ 1944)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. Kahneman A. Tversky Choices Values and Frames (Cambridge Univ. Press New York 2000).","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511803475"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198205273062103"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1914185"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7455683"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8178168"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(02)02011-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.127.2.267"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T. Gilovich D. W. Griffin D. Kahneman Eds. Heuristics and Biases: The Psychology of Intuitive Judgment (Cambridge Univ. Press New York 2002).","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511808098"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","first-page":"397","year":"2002","unstructured":"P. Slovic, M. Finucane, E. Perers, D. MacGregor, in Heuristics and Biases: The Psychology of Intuitive Judgment, T. Gilovich, D. W. Griffin, D. Kahneman, Eds. (Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 2002), pp. 397\u2013421.","journal-title":"Heuristics and Biases: The Psychology of Intuitive Judgment"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","first-page":"169","year":"2003","unstructured":"X. Gabaix, D. Laibson, in The Psychology of Economic Decisions, Vol. 1: Rationality and Well-Being, I. Brocas, J. D. Carrillo, Eds. (Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 2003), pp. 169\u2013183.","journal-title":"The Psychology of Economic Decisions, Vol. 1: Rationality and Well-Being"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","unstructured":"See supporting material on Science Online."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn875"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","unstructured":"J. E. LeDoux The Emotional Brain (Simon & Schuster New York 1996)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04490"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4507-04.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2005.12.127"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/0898929042947865"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1115327"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2006.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.108.3.624"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.24.1.167"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","first-page":"1","year":"1992","unstructured":"D. G. Amaral, J. L. Price, A. Pitkanen, S. T. Carmichael, in The Amygdala: Neurobiological Aspects of Emotion, Memory, and Mental Dysfunction, J. P. Aggleton, Ed. (Wiley-Liss, New York, 1992), pp. 1\u201366.","journal-title":"The Amygdala: Neurobiological Aspects of Emotion, Memory, and Mental Dysfunction"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5606-03.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(94)90018-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.57.12.1518"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00474-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2005.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","first-page":"421","year":"2002","unstructured":"K. Stanovich, F. West, in Heuristics and Biases: The Psychology of Intuitive Judgment, T. Gilovich, D. W. Griffin, D. Kahneman, Eds. (Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 2002), pp. 421\u2013440.","journal-title":"Heuristics and Biases: The Psychology of Intuitive Judgment"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","unstructured":"Supported by a Wellcome Trust Programme Grant (R.J.D.) and a Wellcome Trust studentship (B.D.M.). We thank H. Spiers P. Sterzer and J. Hughes for helpful discussions during the analysis of the study and P. Bossaerts for useful comments on the manuscript."}],"container-title":["Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/science.1128356","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T21:24:05Z","timestamp":1704835445000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.1128356"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,4]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5787","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/science.1128356"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1128356","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1013509.388934","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1013509.389050","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0036-8075","1095-9203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-8075","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-9203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,4]]}}}