{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T03:28:02Z","timestamp":1791343682260,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"5808","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The observed mass-independent sulfur isotopic composition (\u0394\n                    <jats:sup>33<\/jats:sup>\n                    S) of volcanic sulfate from the Agung (March 1963) and Pinatubo (June 1991) eruptions recorded in the Antarctic snow provides a mechanism for documenting stratospheric events. The sign of \u0394\n                    <jats:sup>33<\/jats:sup>\n                    S changes over time from an initial positive component to a negative value. \u0394\n                    <jats:sup>33<\/jats:sup>\n                    S is created during photochemical oxidation of sulfur dioxide to sulfuric acid on a monthly time scale, which indicates a fast process. The reproducibility of the results reveals that \u0394\n                    <jats:sup>33<\/jats:sup>\n                    S is a reliable tracer to chemically identify atmospheric processes involved during stratospheric volcanism.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1131754","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,5]],"date-time":"2007-01-05T03:57:59Z","timestamp":1167969479000},"page":"84-87","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":161,"title":["Mass-Independent Sulfur Isotopic Compositions in Stratospheric Volcanic Eruptions"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"315","author":[{"given":"Me\u0301lanie","family":"Baroni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Ge\u0301ophysique de l'Environnement, CNRS\/Universite\u0301 Joseph Fourier, 38400 St. Martin d'He\u0300res, France."},{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093\u20130356, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark H.","family":"Thiemens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Ge\u0301ophysique de l'Environnement, CNRS\/Universite\u0301 Joseph Fourier, 38400 St. Martin d'He\u0300res, France."},{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093\u20130356, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Delmas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Ge\u0301ophysique de l'Environnement, CNRS\/Universite\u0301 Joseph Fourier, 38400 St. Martin d'He\u0300res, France."},{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093\u20130356, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joe\u0308l","family":"Savarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Ge\u0301ophysique de l'Environnement, CNRS\/Universite\u0301 Joseph Fourier, 38400 St. Martin d'He\u0300res, France."},{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093\u20130356, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-3791(99)00073-6","volume":"19","year":"2000","unstructured":"G. Zielinski, Quat. Sci. Rev.19, 417 (2000), and references therein.","journal-title":"Quat. Sci. Rev."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18861","DOI":"10.1029\/94JD00667","volume":"99","year":"1994","unstructured":"S. Bekki, J. A. Pyle, J. Geophys. Res.99, 18861 (1994).","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1038\/366327a0","volume":"366","year":"1993","unstructured":"G. J. S. Bluth, C. C. Schnetzler, A. J. Krueger, L. S. Walter, Nature366, 327 (1993).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","unstructured":"The deviation from the mass-dependent relationships is calculated by the following equations: \u0394 33 S = \u03b4 33 S \u2013 1000*[(1 + \u03b4 34 S\/1000) 0 515 \u2013 1] and \u0394 36 S = \u03b4 36 S \u2013 1000*[(1 + \u03b4 34 S\/1000) 1 91 \u2013 1]. Considering the small size of the samples our analytical accuracy with a 2\u03c3 uncertainty is equal to 0.12\u2030 for \u0394 33 S and varies from 0.64 to 1.63\u2030 for \u0394 36 S. Only |\u0394 33 S| > 0.12\u2030 and |\u0394 36 S| > 0.64\u2030 are considered as diagnostic of MIF in the present study. Uncertainties (2\u03c3) are 0.07 0.19 and 0.53 to 1.59\u2030 for \u03b4 33 S \u03b4 34 S and \u03b4 36 S respectively."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5480.756"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012-821X(03)00296-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/153110702753621321"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2000JE001437"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35003517"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05044"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2003JD003660"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2003GL018134"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","first-page":"489","volume":"72","year":"1991","unstructured":"S. D. Doiron, Z. Scott, G. J. S. Bluth, C. C. Schnetzler, A. J. Krueger, EOS Trans. Am. Geophys. Union72, 489 (1991).","journal-title":"EOS Trans. Am. Geophys. Union"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2005GL022784"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","unstructured":"Materials and methods are available as supporting material on Science Online."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-6981(84)90363-9","volume":"18","year":"1984","unstructured":"M. R. Legrand, R. J. Delmas, Atmos. Environ.18, 1867 (1984).","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.3189\/172756499781821319","volume":"29","year":"1999","unstructured":"J. Cole-Dai, E. Mosley-Thompson, Ann. Glaciol.29, 99 (1999).","journal-title":"Ann. Glaciol."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1029\/1998JD100032","volume":"104","year":"1999","unstructured":"M. Legrand, D. Wagenbach, J. Geophys. Res.104, 1581 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7071","DOI":"10.1029\/1999JD900974","volume":"105","year":"2000","unstructured":"N. Patris, R. J. Delmas, J. Jouzel, J. Geophys. Res.105, 7071 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","first-page":"222","volume":"26","year":"1974","unstructured":"A. W. Castleman Jr., H. R. Munkelwitz, B. Manowitz, Tellus26, 222 (1974).","journal-title":"Tellus"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8073","DOI":"10.1021\/jp011014+","volume":"105","year":"2001","unstructured":"F.-Y. Leung, A. J. Colussi, M. R. Hoffmann, J. Phys. Chem. A105, 8073 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. A"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3201","DOI":"10.1029\/97GL03255","volume":"24","year":"1997","unstructured":"J. B. Burkholder, S. McKeen, Geophys. Res. Lett.24, 3201 (1997).","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012-821X(03)00295-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-7037(03)00059-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1002\/kin.550070202","volume":"7","year":"1975","unstructured":"K. Chung, J. G. Calvert, J. W. Bottenheim, Int. J. Chem. Kinet.7, 161 (1975).","journal-title":"Int. J. Chem. Kinet."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2004JD005259"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","unstructured":"We acknowledge useful discussions with S. Bekki and thank the Conseil R\u00e9gional Rh\u00f4nes-Alpes for partially supporting travel expenses for M.B. J.S. acknowledges the Balzan Foundation for financial support; C. Lorius and the Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers (INSU) for mass spectrometry acquisition; the French Polar Institute and M. Legrand (Institut Polaire Francais Paul Emile Victor program DC17) for logistical support in Antarctica; the CNRS under its Programme International de Coop\u00e9ration Scientifique; and the INSU Programme National de Chimie Atmosph\u00e9rique. The NSF Office of Polar Programs provided financial support for M.H.T. We also thank J. McCabe and U. Morgenstern for helping J.S. to dig the snow pit."}],"container-title":["Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/science.1131754","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T05:01:23Z","timestamp":1704862883000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.1131754"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,5]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5808","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/science.1131754"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1131754","relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-8075","1095-9203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-8075","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-9203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,5]]}}}