{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T18:15:41Z","timestamp":1791224141540,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"5872","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Antibiotics are a crucial line of defense against bacterial infections. Nevertheless, several antibiotics are natural products of microorganisms that have as yet poorly appreciated ecological roles in the wider environment. We isolated hundreds of soil bacteria with the capacity to grow on antibiotics as a sole carbon source. Of 18 antibiotics tested, representing eight major classes of natural and synthetic origin, 13 to 17 supported the growth of clonal bacteria from each of 11 diverse soils. Bacteria subsisting on antibiotics are surprisingly phylogenetically diverse, and many are closely related to human pathogens. Furthermore, each antibiotic-consuming isolate was resistant to multiple antibiotics at clinically relevant concentrations. This phenomenon suggests that this unappreciated reservoir of antibiotic-resistance determinants can contribute to the increasing levels of multiple antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1155157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,3]],"date-time":"2008-04-03T16:33:35Z","timestamp":1207240415000},"page":"100-103","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":535,"title":["Bacteria Subsisting on Antibiotics"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"320","author":[{"given":"Gautam","family":"Dantas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA."},{"name":"Program of Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morten O. A.","family":"Sommer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA."},{"name":"Program of Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rantimi D.","family":"Oluwasegun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA."},{"name":"Program of Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George M.","family":"Church","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA."},{"name":"Program of Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2004.00664.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1120800"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35021219"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8153624"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.66.5.2006-2011.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00056556"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/1911122a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00446452"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/189775a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","unstructured":"Materials and methods are available as supporting material on Science Online."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.9.2215"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2007.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01370-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.phyto.39.1.225"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.03006-05"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkm415"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.1.10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkh293"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","unstructured":"We acknowledge the expert assistance of N. Soares and H. Henderson for microbial culturing; P. Girguis and H. White for ARB analysis; D. Bang for HPLC; W. Haas for mass spectrometry; D. Ellison and W. Curtis for sample collection; J.-H. Lee R. Kolter and J. Shendure for general discussion; J. Aach for helpful discussions regarding the manuscript; and the U.S. Department of Energy GtL Program the Harvard Biophysics Program The Hartmann Foundation and Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab for funding. 16 S ribosomal RNA gene sequences were deposited in GenBank with accession numbers EU515334 to EU515623."}],"container-title":["Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/science.1155157","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T02:49:19Z","timestamp":1704854959000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.1155157"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,4]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5872","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/science.1155157"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1155157","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1104925.562031","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1104925.561496","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1104925.562069","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1104925.562067","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0036-8075","1095-9203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-8075","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-9203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,4]]}}}