{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T14:25:07Z","timestamp":1791123907442,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"5924","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Leucine-rich repeat\u2013containing proteins are central to host defense in plants and animals. We show that in the mosquito\n            <jats:italic>Anopheles gambiae<\/jats:italic>\n            , two such proteins that antagonize malaria parasite infections, LRIM1 and APL1C, circulate in the hemolymph as a high-molecular-weight complex held together by disulfide bridges. The complex interacts with the complement C3-like protein, TEP1, promoting its cleavage or stabilization and its subsequent localization on the surface of midgut-invading\n            <jats:italic>Plasmodium berghei<\/jats:italic>\n            parasites, targeting them for destruction. LRIM1 and APL1C are members of a protein family with orthologs in other disease vector mosquitoes and appear to be important effectors in innate mosquito defenses against human pathogens.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1171400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,6]],"date-time":"2009-03-06T05:08:57Z","timestamp":1236316137000},"page":"258-261","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":259,"title":["Leucine-Rich Repeat Protein Complex Activates Mosquito Complement in Defense Against\n            <i>Plasmodium<\/i>\n            Parasites"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"324","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Povelones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert M.","family":"Waterhouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fotis C.","family":"Kafatos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George K.","family":"Christophides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03342"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2008.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1091789"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2006.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1124153"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0020052"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000070"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003672"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3532325"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.21.11508"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.17.11727"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(04)00173-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00267-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0704967104"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.08.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.embor.7400831"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","unstructured":"Y. Dong G. Dimopoulos J. Biol. Chem. www.jbc.org\/cgi\/doi\/10.1074\/jbc.M807084200. Published online 4 February 2009."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2005.02.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2004.0119.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02740"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0711619105"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","unstructured":"The authors thank A. C. Koutsos for generating the LRIM1 antibody and sharing it before publication and F. M. Ausubel for critically reviewing the manuscript. Fluorescence microscopy was performed at the Imperial College Facility for Imaging by Light Microscopy imaging facility. This work was supported by a Wellcome Trust Program grant (GR077229\/Z\/05\/Z) an NIH Program Project (2PO1AI044220-06A1) and a Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council grant (BB\/E002641\/1). R.M.W. was supported by a Wellcome Trust Ph.D. fellowship."}],"container-title":["Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/science.1171400","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T08:13:24Z","timestamp":1704874404000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.1171400"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,10]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5924","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/science.1171400"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1171400","relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-8075","1095-9203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-8075","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-9203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,10]]}}}