{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T22:16:33Z","timestamp":1792102593151,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"5938","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Dissecting Dyslexia and Learning<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Difficulties in learning to read, despite reasonable effort and instruction, form the basis of dyslexia.\n                    <jats:bold>Gabrieli<\/jats:bold>\n                    (p.\n                    <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" page=\"280\" related-article-type=\"in-this-issue\" vol=\"325\" xlink:href=\"10.1126\/science.1171999\">280<\/jats:related-article>\n                    ; see the cover) now reviews the latest research into the causes of dyslexia. Neuroimaging studies may give early notice of impending dyslexia, and it is hoped that early interventions may lessen the impact of dyslexia. Learning occurs in many settings. Humans uniquely use the formalized settings of schools and curriculum. Infants and children also do plenty of learning outside these settings, often intermingling social interactions.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      Meltzoff\n                      <jats:italic>et al.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    (p.\n                    <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" page=\"284\" related-article-type=\"in-this-issue\" vol=\"325\" xlink:href=\"10.1126\/science.1175626\">284<\/jats:related-article>\n                    ) survey the variety of learning contexts that people experience and discuss how recent advances in neuroscience and robotics are driving a new synthesis of learning.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1171999","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,16]],"date-time":"2009-07-16T17:47:39Z","timestamp":1247766459000},"page":"280-283","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":426,"title":["Dyslexia: A New Synergy Between Education and Cognitive Neuroscience"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"325","author":[{"given":"John D. E.","family":"Gabrieli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and Harvard\u2013Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Division of Health Sciences and Technology and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, 43 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","unstructured":"S. Shaywitz Overcoming Dyslexia (Vintage Books New York 2003)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","first-page":"8","volume":"22","author":"Cunningham A. E.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Cunningham A. E., Stanovich K. E., Am. Educ. 22, 8 (1998).","journal-title":"Am. Educ."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1529-1006.00004"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2007.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1593604"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","unstructured":"B. Pennington J. Gilger in Developmental Dyslexia: Neural Cognitive and Genetic Mechanisms C. H. Chase G. D. Rosen G. F. Sherman Eds. (York Baltimore 1996) pp. 41\u201361."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2008.02213.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1772"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/271746a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.131.1.3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.91.3.415"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","unstructured":"J. K. Torgesen C. A. Rashotte A. Alexander in Dyslexia Fluency and the Brain M. Wolf Ed. 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