{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T13:21:55Z","timestamp":1791292915396,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"5949","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Mosquito Vector Intervention<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Mosquitoes are responsible for causing the infection of an estimated 120 million people with the nematode worms that block the lymph system and result in the gross pathology of elephantiasis and other filariases.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      Kambris\n                      <jats:italic>et al.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    (p.\n                    <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" page=\"134\" related-article-type=\"in-this-issue\" vol=\"326\" xlink:href=\"10.1126\/science.1177531\">134<\/jats:related-article>\n                    ) infected vector mosquitoes with a bacterium (\n                    <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), which impaired the insects' ability to act as filaria vectors and possibly would affect transmission of other pathogens, too. The infected mosquitoes were less susceptible to the worms owing to chronic upregulation of mosquito immune responses. Immune activation bears a physiological cost for the mosquitoes, which may explain earlier observations of curtailed life spans of\n                    <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                    -infected mosquitoes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1177531","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,1]],"date-time":"2009-10-01T18:46:39Z","timestamp":1254422799000},"page":"134-136","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":483,"title":["Immune Activation by Life-Shortening\n                    <i>Wolbachia<\/i>\n                    and Reduced Filarial Competence in Mosquitoes"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"326","author":[{"given":"Zakaria","family":"Kambris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research and Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter E.","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research and Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoang K.","family":"Phuc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research and Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven P.","family":"Sinkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research and Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.20.10792"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1165326"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","unstructured":"S. P. Sinkins S. L. O'Neill in Insect Transgenesis: Methods And Applications A. M. Handler A. A. James Eds. (CRC Press Boca Raton FL 2000) pp. 271\u2013287."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-78225-6_11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2011(03)00082-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-40.2.125","volume":"40","author":"Rasgon J. L.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rasgon J. L., Styer L. M., Scott T. W., J. Med. Entomol. 40, 125 (2003).12693838","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2583.2000.00224.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-9726.2006.00251.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/expr.1996.0066"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/expr.1995.1052"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1982.11687551","volume":"76","author":"Meek S. R.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Meek S. R., Macdonald W. W., Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 76, 347 (1982).6751252","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1162418"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000098"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0409181102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-79-4-731","volume":"79","author":"Wachinger M.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wachinger M., et al.., J. Gen. Virol. 79, 731 (1998).9568968","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-008-8250-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2628","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.57.9.2628-2633.1989","volume":"57","author":"Gwadz R. W.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Gwadz R. W., et al.., Infect. Immun. 57, 2628 (1989).2759705","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-41.3.447","volume":"41","author":"Kim W.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kim W., et al.., J. Med. Entomol. 41, 447 (2004).15185949","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0504950102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.08.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000335"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(04)00173-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1171400"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2009.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000423"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2"}],"container-title":["Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/science.1177531","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T02:55:01Z","timestamp":1704855301000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.1177531"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,2]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5949","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/science.1177531"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1177531","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1166424.627403","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0036-8075","1095-9203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-8075","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-9203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,2]]}}}