{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T18:41:49Z","timestamp":1791398509719,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"5957","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\u201cHaploid Human\u201d<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Genetic screens can provide direct insight into biological processes that are poorly understood.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      Carette\n                      <jats:italic>et al.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    (p.\n                    <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" page=\"1231\" related-article-type=\"in-this-issue\" vol=\"326\" xlink:href=\"10.1126\/science.1178955\">1231<\/jats:related-article>\n                    ) describe genetic screens using large-scale gene disruption in human cells haploid for all chromosomes except for chromosome 8. One screen was used to identify host factors essential for the activity of cytolethal distending toxin, a toxin found in several pathogenic bacteria. Another screen identified host gene products essential for infection with influenza, and an additional screen revealed genes required for the action of adenosine 5\u2032-diphosphate (ADP)\u2013ribosylating bacterial toxins. This loss-of-function genetic approach in mammalian cells will be widely applicable to study a variety of biological processes and cellular functions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1178955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,27]],"date-time":"2009-11-27T18:05:58Z","timestamp":1259345158000},"page":"1231-1235","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":473,"title":["Haploid Genetic Screens in Human Cells Identify Host Factors Used by Pathogens"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"326","author":[{"given":"Jan E.","family":"Carette","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla P.","family":"Guimaraes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malini","family":"Varadarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annie S.","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Wuethrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alzbeta","family":"Godarova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maciej","family":"Kotecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brent H.","family":"Cochran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Spooner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidde L.","family":"Ploegh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA."},{"name":"Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thijn R.","family":"Brummelkamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.66.1699.84"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1152725"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1116006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07151"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.01.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp0900648"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.1999.4656"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81874-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0810485105"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(00)00138-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.290.5490.354"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02532"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1110\/ps.051745906"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20041685"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2005.00520.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1532"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E03-03-0130"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(01)00165-9","volume":"39","author":"Collier R. 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