{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T06:29:23Z","timestamp":1792304963697,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"6071","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Sound the Alarm<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    When small protein fragments or nucleic acids derived from an invading pathogen are detected by pattern recognition receptors on immune cells, the innate immune response is triggered. This event activates cells of the adaptive immune system, and together, both responses clear the infection. Infections also induce the release of \u201cdanger-associated molecular patterns,\u201d or alarmins, from the host as a result of tissue damage. Whether these are also important for the ensuing immune response is less clear.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      Bonilla\n                      <jats:italic>et al.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    (p.\n                    <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" page=\"984\" related-article-type=\"in-this-issue\" vol=\"335\" xlink:href=\"10.1126\/science.1215418\">984<\/jats:related-article>\n                    , published online 2 February) report that the alarmin, interleukin-33, is required for optimal cytotoxic CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells responses and antiviral immunity in mice. In virus-infected mice deficient in IL-33 or its receptor, IL-33 is essential for signaling CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells to expand, produce multiple cytokines and acquire cytotoxic capabilities. These results showed that endogenous material, independently of pathogen-derived molecules, are also required for antiviral immunity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1215418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,10]],"date-time":"2012-02-10T20:48:59Z","timestamp":1328906939000},"page":"984-989","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":409,"title":["The Alarmin Interleukin-33 Drives Protective Antiviral CD8\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    T Cell Responses"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"335","author":[{"given":"Weldy V.","family":"Bonilla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland."},{"name":"World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, University of Geneva, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Fr\u00f6hlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Immunology, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charit\u00e9\u2013University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany."},{"name":"German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Charit\u00e9platz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Senn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Kallert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland."},{"name":"World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, University of Geneva, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marylise","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland."},{"name":"World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, University of Geneva, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland."},{"name":"World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, University of Geneva, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Kreutzfeldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland."},{"name":"Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed N.","family":"Hegazy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Immunology, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charit\u00e9\u2013University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany."},{"name":"German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Charit\u00e9platz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany."},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Campus Charit\u00e9 Mitte, Charit\u00e9\u2013University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Schrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland."},{"name":"Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Padraic G.","family":"Fallon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Medicine, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roman","family":"Klemenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susumu","family":"Nakae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, and Japan Science and Technology Agency, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), 4-1-8 Hncho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heiko","family":"Adler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen, Institute of Molecular Immunology and Clinical Cooperation Group Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (CCG HCT), Marchioninistra\u00dfe 25, 81377 M\u00fcnchen, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doron","family":"Merkler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland."},{"name":"Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Georg August University, G\u00f6ttingen, 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