{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T10:44:19Z","timestamp":1782729859888,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"6093","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Resisting Arsenic<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The discovery of a bacterium living in the extreme conditions of Mono Lake, California, created a major controversy because it was claimed to be able to grow solely on arsenic and could substitute arsenate for phosphate in its key macromolecules, including DNA. Working with the same\n                    <jats:italic>Halomonas<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. bacterium, known as GFAJ-1, and ultrapure reagents,\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      Erb\n                      <jats:italic>et al.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    (p.\n                    <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" page=\"467\" related-article-type=\"in-this-issue\" vol=\"337\" xlink:href=\"10.1126\/science.1218455\">467<\/jats:related-article>\n                    ) found that the bacterium needed a low level of phosphate (1.6 \u00b5M) to grow at all. Rather than significant specific arsenic incorporation, when the organism was grown in 40 mM arsenic, its nucleic acids acquired a trace of arsenic. Similarly,\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      Reaves\n                      <jats:italic>et al.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    (p.\n                    <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" page=\"470\" related-article-type=\"in-this-issue\" vol=\"337\" xlink:href=\"10.1126\/science.1219861\">470<\/jats:related-article>\n                    ) found that GFAJ-1 could not grow in the absence of phosphate and, moreover, that its growth was not stimulated by the addition of arsenate, although a trace amount of arsenic was also detected in DNA. Thus, GFAJ-1 shows no particular facility to substitute arsenic for phosphate, when phosphate is limiting, but it can tolerate high concentrations of the poison while efficiently scavenging phosphate.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1218455","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,8]],"date-time":"2012-07-08T20:13:49Z","timestamp":1341778429000},"page":"467-470","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["GFAJ-1 Is an Arsenate-Resistant, Phosphate-Dependent Organism"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"337","author":[{"given":"Tobias J.","family":"Erb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, Eidgen\u00f6ssische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Kiefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, Eidgen\u00f6ssische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bodo","family":"Hattendorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Detlef","family":"G\u00fcnther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia A.","family":"Vorholt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, Eidgen\u00f6ssische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1197258"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1201304"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1201255"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1201943"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1201399"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1201551"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1201381"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1201482"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1201438"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","unstructured":"J. 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Braunschweig Germany 1855)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac102445r"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkq1143"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)32402-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(80)90084-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)95956-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.144.1.366-374.1980"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.144.1.356-365.1980"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-2920.2003.00386.x"}],"container-title":["Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/science.1218455","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T18:00:53Z","timestamp":1753380053000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.1218455"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,27]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6093","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,27]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/science.1218455"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1218455","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.717950073.793459721","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.717950073.793455327","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0036-8075","1095-9203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-8075","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-9203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,27]]}}}