{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T17:53:11Z","timestamp":1791395591095,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"6090","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Indirect Injection<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Aerosols in the stratosphere, especially submicron-hydrated sulfuric acid droplets, are an important factor influencing climate variability. Stratospheric sulfate aerosols can form from sulfur dioxide that has been transported from the underlying troposphere. Large volcanic eruptions can inject sulfur dioxide and other material into the stratosphere, but smaller volcanoes have been thought not to be energetic enough to do so.\n            <jats:bold>\n              Bourassa\n              <jats:italic>et al.<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            (p.\n            <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" page=\"78\" related-article-type=\"in-this-issue\" vol=\"337\" xlink:href=\"10.1126\/science.1219371\">78<\/jats:related-article>\n            ) used satellite data to show that sulfur dioxide from the 2011 eruption of the Nabro stratovolcano in Eritrea was lofted into the stratosphere by deep convection associated with the Asian summer monsoon.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1219371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,5]],"date-time":"2012-07-05T23:43:50Z","timestamp":1341531830000},"page":"78-81","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":205,"title":["Large Volcanic Aerosol Load in the Stratosphere Linked to Asian Monsoon Transport"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"337","author":[{"given":"Adam E.","family":"Bourassa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Robock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William J.","family":"Randel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terry","family":"Deshler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Landon A.","family":"Rieger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas D.","family":"Lloyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. 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