{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T01:41:26Z","timestamp":1791250886163,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"6083","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Although people often tend to consider themselves and others as unique individuals, there are many situations in which they think, feel, and act primarily as group members. This can bring out the best in them, as when they are inspired to help fellow citizens in need, or the worst, as when they show hostility against others simply because they represent another religious or ethnic group. Understanding when and why the group self becomes more important than the individual self, and how this affects people\u2019s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, can help to prevent and redirect unwelcome aspects of human behavior by addressing them at the appropriate level of self.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1220987","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,17]],"date-time":"2012-05-17T19:55:43Z","timestamp":1337284543000},"page":"848-852","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":151,"title":["The Group Self"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"336","author":[{"given":"Naomi","family":"Ellemers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Psychological Research, Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Leiden University, Post Office Box 9555, 2300 RB Leiden, Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Jetten C. Haslam S. A. Haslam Eds. The Social Cure: Identity Health and Well-Being (Psychology Press New York 2012).","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203813195"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","unstructured":"M. R. Leary J. P. Tangney Handbook of Self and Identity (Guilford Press New York 2003)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","unstructured":"H. Tajfel J. C. Turner in The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations W. G. Austin S. Worchel Eds. (Brooks\/Cole Monterey CA 1979) pp. 33\u201347."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","unstructured":"T. Postmes N. R. Branscombe Eds. Rediscovering Social Identity: Core Sources (Psychology Press New York 2010) pp. 341\u2013356."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. A. Haslam S. D. Reicher M. J. Platow The New Psychology of Leadership : Identity Influence and Power (Psychology Press New York 2011).","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203833896"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","unstructured":"N. Ellemers S. A. Haslam in Handbook of Theories of Social Psychology P. van Lange A. Kruglanski T. Higgins Eds. (Sage London 2011) pp. 379\u2013398."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.95.1.144"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","unstructured":"J. C. Turner K. J. Reynolds in Handbook of Theories of Social Psychology P. van Lange A. Kruglanski T. Higgins Eds. (Sage London 2011) pp. 399\u2013417."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2008.01234.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.82.6.878"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8309.2010.02011.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.93.2.234"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.93.3.431"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","unstructured":"V. Y. Yzerbyt in Bridging Social Psychology. Benefits of Transdisciplinary Approaches P. A. M. van Lange Ed. (Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Mahwah NJ 2006) pp. 391\u2013396."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N. R. Branscombe B. Doosje Eds. Collective Guilt (Cambridge Univ. Press Cambridge 2004).","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139106931"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2005.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0020400"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsr035"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2010.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2008.02214.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.03.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2006.01793.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.117.3.497"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167291175001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.53.100901.135228"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.52.6.613"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9280.00340"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.115.2.336"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.2008.00362.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-011-0051-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167299259008"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.80.6.942"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1089134"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","first-page":"201","article-title":"Why people cooperate with organizations: An identity-based perspective","volume":"21","author":"Tyler T. R.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tyler T. R., Why people cooperate with organizations: An identity-based perspective. Res. Organ. Behav. 21, 201 (1999).","journal-title":"Res. Organ. Behav."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.58.110405.085641"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.10061"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14792779543000011"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Jetten M. J. Hornsey Eds. Rebels in Groups: Dissent Deviance Difference and Defiance (Blackwell Oxford 2011).","DOI":"10.1002\/9781444390841"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N. Ellemers C. Van Laar in Handbook of Prejudice Stereotyping and Discrimination J. F. Dovidio M. Hewstone P. Glick V. Esses Eds. (Sage London 2010) pp. 561\u2013576.","DOI":"10.4135\/9781446200919.n34"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797611417258"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.74.4.909"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_45_2","unstructured":"L. Smart D. M. Wegner in The Social Psychology of Stigma T. F. Heatherton R. E. Kleck M. R. Hebl J. G. Hull Eds. (Guilford Press New York 2000) pp. 220\u2013242."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016395"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.77.1.135"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.82.1.62"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2008.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2010.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01467202028007007"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1156"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.90.4.629"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-4560.1993.tb00909.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-2409.2007.00008.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033681"}],"container-title":["Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/science.1220987","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T14:30:19Z","timestamp":1704897019000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.1220987"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,18]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6083","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,18]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/science.1220987"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1220987","relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-8075","1095-9203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-8075","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-9203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,18]]}}}