{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T13:05:40Z","timestamp":1792069540695,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"6119","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Not Just Wasting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Malnutrition is well known in Malawi, including a severe form\u2014kwashiorkor\u2014in which children do not simply waste away, they also suffer edema, liver damage, skin ulceration, and anorexia.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      Smith\n                      <jats:italic>et al.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    (p.\n                    <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" page=\"548\" related-article-type=\"in-this-issue\" vol=\"339\" xlink:href=\"10.1126\/science.1229000\">548<\/jats:related-article>\n                    ; see the Perspective by\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" issue=\"6119\" page=\"530\" related-article-type=\"in-this-issue\" vol=\"339\" xlink:href=\"10.1126\/science.1234723\">Relman<\/jats:related-article>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    ) investigated the microbiota of pairs of twins in Malawian villages and found notable differences in the composition of the gut microbiota in children with kwashiorkor. In these children, a bacterial species related to\n                    <jats:italic>Desulfovibrio<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which has been associated with bowel disease and inflammation, was noticeable. When the fecal flora from either the healthy or the sick twin was transplanted into groups of germ-free mice, the mice that received the kwashiorkor sample started to lose weight, like their human counterpart.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1229000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,30]],"date-time":"2013-01-30T21:20:11Z","timestamp":1359580811000},"page":"548-554","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1076,"title":["Gut Microbiomes of Malawian Twin Pairs Discordant for Kwashiorkor"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"339","author":[{"given":"Michelle I.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanya","family":"Yatsunenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University in St. 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