{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T01:53:19Z","timestamp":1792720399717,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":201,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"6215","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    To provide context for the diversification of archosaurs\u2014the group that includes crocodilians, dinosaurs, and birds\u2014we generated draft genomes of three crocodilians:\n                    <jats:italic>Alligator mississippiensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (the American alligator),\n                    <jats:italic>Crocodylus porosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (the saltwater crocodile), and\n                    <jats:italic>Gavialis gangeticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (the Indian gharial). We observed an exceptionally slow rate of genome evolution within crocodilians at all levels, including nucleotide substitutions, indels, transposable element content and movement, gene family evolution, and chromosomal synteny. When placed within the context of related taxa including birds and turtles, this suggests that the common ancestor of all of these taxa also exhibited slow genome evolution and that the comparatively rapid evolution is derived in birds. The data also provided the opportunity to analyze heterozygosity in crocodilians, which indicates a likely reduction in population size for all three taxa through the Pleistocene. Finally, these data combined with newly published bird genomes allowed us to reconstruct the partial genome of the common ancestor of archosaurs, thereby providing a tool to investigate the genetic starting material of crocodilians, birds, and dinosaurs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1254449","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,11]],"date-time":"2014-12-11T14:10:03Z","timestamp":1418307003000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":334,"title":["Three crocodilian genomes reveal ancestral patterns of evolution among archosaurs"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"346","author":[{"given":"Richard E.","family":"Green","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward L.","family":"Braun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA."},{"name":"Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dent","family":"Earl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA."},{"name":"Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ngan","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA."},{"name":"Center for 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