{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T18:18:26Z","timestamp":1759774706658},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"5088","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,12,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            The addition of soluble metal salts of calcium, iron, or copper to cultures of \"\n            <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n            grown in web form nucleated precipitation at the surface of the bacterial cell walls. The mineralized cell filaments can be drawn into a fiber that when dried consists of a bacterial thread backbone carrying an inorganic solid. The ratios of organic to inorganic components (by weight) in the stiff brittle materials, called bionites, were: 1.08 for fe(2)bactonite, 1.8 for calbactonite, 2.3 for fe(3)bactonite, and 5 for cu(2)bactonite. X-ray photoelectron spectra suggest that the fe(3)bactonite contains Fe\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            O\n            <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n            , that calbactonite contains calcium carbonate, and that cu(2)bactonite contains CuCl (Cu I). Acid-base reactions of the bionites are compatible with these identifications. Burning out the organic phase of the febactonites yields a black magnetic material, presumably magnetite. The burnt cubactonite appears to yield elemental Cu(s). Calbactonite upon hydration was able to retain a genetically engineered enzymatic activity.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1455245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,5]],"date-time":"2006-10-05T23:03:06Z","timestamp":1160089386000},"page":"1633-1636","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Production and Initial Characterization of Bionites: Materials Formed on a Bacterial Backbone"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"258","author":[{"given":"Neil H.","family":"Mendelson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6572016","volume":"219","year":"1983","unstructured":"ABELSON, P.H., BIOTECHNOLOGY - AN OVERVIEW, SCIENCE 219: 611 (1983).","journal-title":"SCIENCE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.127.3.1502-1518.1976","volume":"127","year":"1976","unstructured":"BEVERIDGE, T.J., UPTAKE AND RETENTION OF METALS BY CELL-WALLS OF BACILLUS-SUBTILIS, JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY 127: 1502 (1976).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.141.2.876-887.1980","volume":"141","year":"1980","unstructured":"BEVERIDGE, T.J., SITES OF METAL-DEPOSITION IN THE CELL-WALL OF BACILLUS-SUBTILIS, JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY 141: 876 (1980).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"65","year":"1989","unstructured":"Beveridge, T. 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