{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T19:25:27Z","timestamp":1791228327999,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"3811","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1968,1,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Bacterial decomposition of butterfish and smelts in small sealed jars containing seawater and other solutions, for periods ranging from 65 to 205 days, results in a large increase in concentrations of dissolved bicarbonate, carbonate, and ammonia (plus volatile amines). Accompanying this is a rise in pH and the precipitation of Ca\n            <jats:sup>++<\/jats:sup>\n            ion from solution. The Ca\n            <jats:sup>++<\/jats:sup>\n            is not precipitated as CaCO\n            <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n            but instead as a mixture of calcium fatty acid salts or soaps with from 14 to 18 carbon atoms. This can be explained by the thermodynamic instability of CaCO\n            <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n            relative to Ca soaps in the presence of excess free fatty acid. It is suggested that some ancient CaCO\n            <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n            concretions, especially those enclosing fossils of soft-bodied organisms, may have formed rapidly after death in the form of natural Ca soap (adipocere) which was later converted to CaCO\n            <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n            .\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.159.3811.195","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,5]],"date-time":"2006-10-05T11:50:27Z","timestamp":1160049027000},"page":"195-197","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":226,"title":["Calcium Carbonate Concretions Formed by the Decomposition of Organic Matter"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"159","author":[{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Berner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","first-page":"517","year":"1963","unstructured":"Bergmann, W., Organic Geochemistry: 517 (1963).","journal-title":"Organic Geochemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(60)90036-3","volume":"19","year":"1960","unstructured":"BREGER, I.A., DIAGENESIS OF METABOLITES AND A DISCUSSION OF THE ORIGIN OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS, GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA 19: 297 (1960).","journal-title":"GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(63)90093-0","volume":"27","year":"1963","unstructured":"COOPER, J.E., A POSTULATED ROLE OF FATTY ACIDS IN PETROLEUM FORMATION, GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA 27: 1113 (1963).","journal-title":"GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"276","year":"1960","unstructured":"Emery, K., The Sea off Souithern California: 276 (1960).","journal-title":"The Sea off Souithern California"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"Garrels R. 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Solutions Minerals and Equilibria (1965)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02661403","volume":"41","year":"1964","unstructured":"GRUGER, E.H., FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF OILS FROM 21 SPECIES OF MARINE FISH FRESHWATER FISH + SHELLFISH, JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY 41: 662 (1964).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"165","volume":"15","year":"1933","unstructured":"HECHT, F, SENCKENBERG GESELLSCHAFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG 15: 165 (1933).","journal-title":"SENCKENBERG GESELLSCHAFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(66)90121-9","volume":"30","year":"1966","unstructured":"HODGSON, W.A., CARBON AND OXYGEN ISOTOPE RATIOS IN DIAGENETIC CARBONATES FROM MARINE SEDIMENTS, GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA 30: 1223 (1966).","journal-title":"GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1021\/j100840a034","volume":"64","year":"1960","unstructured":"IRANI, R.R., METAL COMPLEXING BY PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS .2. 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