{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T22:35:39Z","timestamp":1791326139886,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"3881","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1969,5,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Erythrocyte mosaicism occurs in females heterozygous for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. In blood from female children with acute\n            <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n            malaria the parasite rate was 2 to 80 times higher in normal than in deficient erythrocytes. This may be the mechanism whereby the gene for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency confers selective advantage against malaria to heterozygous females, and thus may have attained the polymorphic frequency occurring in populations living in areas with endemic malaria.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.164.3881.839","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,5]],"date-time":"2006-10-05T12:14:21Z","timestamp":1160050461000},"page":"839-842","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":195,"title":["Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficient Red Cells: Resistance to Infection by Malarial Parasites"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"164","author":[{"given":"Lucio","family":"Luzzatto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sub-Department of Haematology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Essien A.","family":"Usanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sub-Department of Haematology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunmugam","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sub-Department of Haematology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization Technical Report 366 (1967)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"365","year":"1965","unstructured":"Allison, A. C., Abnormal Hemoglobins In Africa: 365 (1965).","journal-title":"Abnormal Hemoglobins In Africa"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5236.1346","volume":"1","year":"1961","unstructured":"ALLISON, A. C., BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 1: 1346 (1961).","journal-title":"BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1038\/186531a0","volume":"186","year":"1960","unstructured":"ALLISON, A.C., GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY IN RED BLOOD CELLS OF EAST AFRICANS, NATURE 186: 531 (1960).","journal-title":"NATURE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/46.4.393","volume":"46","year":"1961","unstructured":"APIRION, D, CHLOROPHYLL LETHAL IN NATURAL POPULATIONS OF ORCHARD GRASS (DACTYLIS GLOMERATA L) - A CASE OF BALANCED POLYMORPHISM IN PLANTS, GENETICS 46: 393 (1961).","journal-title":"GENETICS"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196608252750801","volume":"275","year":"1966","unstructured":"BEITT, A.S., NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 275: 397 (1966).","journal-title":"NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"1363","volume":"180","year":"1957","unstructured":"BENNETT, J.H., SELECTIVELY BALANCED POLYMORPHISM AT A SEX-LINKED LOCUS, NATURE 180: 1363 (1957).","journal-title":"NATURE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"9","volume":"48","year":"1962","unstructured":"BEUTLER, E, NORMAL HUMAN FEMALE AS A MOSAIC OF X-CHROMOSOME ACTIVITY - STUDIES USING GENE FOR G-6-PD-DEFICIENCY AS A MARKER, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 48: 9 (1962).","journal-title":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00487735","volume":"1","year":"1967","unstructured":"Brewer, G. J., Biochemical Genetics 1: 41 (1967).","journal-title":"Biochemical Genetics"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-64-4-817","volume":"64","year":"1966","unstructured":"BURKA, E.R., CLINICAL SPECTRUM OF HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA ASSOCIATED WITH GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY, ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 64: 817 (1966).","journal-title":"ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V17.2.229.229","volume":"17","year":"1961","unstructured":"DANON, D, MORPHOLOGY OF GLUCOSE 6 PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENT ERYTHROCYTES - ELECTRON-MICROSCOPIC STUDIES, BLOOD 17: 229 (1961).","journal-title":"BLOOD"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.1964.tb00460.x","volume":"28","year":"1964","unstructured":"DAVIDSON, R.G., GENETIC VARIATIONS IN THE QUANTITATIVE CONTROL OF ERYTHROCYTE GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY, ANNALS OF HUMAN GENETICS 28: 61 (1964).","journal-title":"ANNALS OF HUMAN GENETICS"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"481","volume":"50","year":"1963","unstructured":"DAVIDSON, R.G., DEMONSTRATION OF 2 POPULATIONS OF CELLS IN HUMAN FEMALE HETEROZYGOUS FOR GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATEDEHYDROGENASE VARIANTS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 50: 481 (1963).","journal-title":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1966.11686434","volume":"60","year":"1966","unstructured":"DEVAKUL, K, ERYTHROCYTE DESTRUCTION IN PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM MALARIA - EFFECTS OF ERYTHROCYTE GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY, ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY 60: 432 (1966).","journal-title":"ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"297","volume":"1","year":"1961","unstructured":"DOXIADIS, S.A., GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY - A NEW AETIOLOGICAL FACTOR OF SEVERE NEONATAL JAUNDICE, LANCET 1: 297 (1961).","journal-title":"LANCET"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","first-page":"393","year":"1965","unstructured":"Edington, G. M., Abnormal Hemoglobins in Africa: 393 (1965).","journal-title":"Abnormal Hemoglobins in Africa"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V31.5.589.589","volume":"31","year":"1968","unstructured":"FAIRBANKS, V.F., A TETRAZOLIUM-LINKED CYTOCHEMICAL METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY IN INDIVIDUAL ERYTHROCYTES - APPLICATIONS IN STUDY OF HETEROZYGOTES FOR GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY, BLOOD 31: 589 (1968).","journal-title":"BLOOD"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(49)90022-X","volume":"43","year":"1949","unstructured":"FIELD, J.W., BLOOD EXAMINATION AND PROGNOSIS IN ACUTE FALCIPARUM MALARIA, TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 43: 33 (1949).","journal-title":"TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fisher R. A. The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection (1930).","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.27468"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","first-page":"1248","volume":"2","year":"1963","unstructured":"FLATZ, G, MALARIA AND GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY IN THAILAND, LANCET 2: 1248 (1963).","journal-title":"LANCET"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","first-page":"359","volume":"17","year":"1965","unstructured":"GALL, J.C., STUDIES OF GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY OF INDIVIDUAL ERYTHROCYTES - METHEMOGLOBIN-ELUTION TEST FOR IDENTICATION OF FEMALES HETEROZYGOUS FOR G6PD DEFICIENTY, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS 17: 359 (1965).","journal-title":"AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","first-page":"309","volume":"14","year":"1966","unstructured":"GALL, J.C., CLINICAL RESEARCH 14: 309 (1966).","journal-title":"CLINICAL RESEARCH"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1961.11686019","volume":"55","year":"1961","unstructured":"GILLES, H.M., EXISTENCE OF GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY TRAIT IN NIGERIA AND ITS CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS, ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY 55: 64 (1961).","journal-title":"ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","first-page":"138","volume":"1","year":"1967","unstructured":"GILLES, H.M., GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE-DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY SICKLING AND MALARIA IN AFRICAN CHILDREN IN SOUTH WESTERN NIGERIA, LANCET 1: 138 (1967).","journal-title":"LANCET"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI103707","volume":"37","year":"1958","unstructured":"GROSS, R.T., HEREDITARY ENZYMATIC DEFECT IN ERYTHROCYTE METABOLISM - GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY, JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION 37: 1176 (1958).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","first-page":"199","volume":"25","year":"1961","unstructured":"HARRIS, R, GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY IN PEOPLES OF NIGER DELTA, ANNALS OF HUMAN GENETICS 25: 199 (1961).","journal-title":"ANNALS OF HUMAN GENETICS"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","first-page":"208","year":"1965","unstructured":"Hendrickse, R. G., Abnormal Hemoglobins in Africa: 208 (1965).","journal-title":"Abnormal Hemoglobins in Africa"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","unstructured":"Hendrickse R. G. Internationial Congress of Tropical Medicine and Malaria 8th Teheran (1968)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","first-page":"667","volume":"1","year":"1966","unstructured":"IFEKWUNIGWE, A. E., LANCET 1: 667 (1966).","journal-title":"LANCET"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","first-page":"1183","volume":"2","year":"1962","unstructured":"KRUATRACHUE, M, ERYTHROCYTE GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE AND MALARIA IN THAILAND, LANCET 2: 1183 (1962).","journal-title":"LANCET"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","unstructured":"KRUATRACHUE M 8 INT C TROP MED MAL (1968)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/131.suppl_9.993","volume":"131","year":"1966","unstructured":"LADDA, R.L., MORPHOLOGIC OBSERVATIONS ON EFFECT OF ANTIMALARIAL AGENTS ON ERYTHROCYTIC FORMS OF PLASMODIUM BERGHEI IN VITRO, MILITARY MEDICINE 131: 993 (1966).","journal-title":"MILITARY MEDICINE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(64)80162-1","volume":"65","year":"1964","unstructured":"LEVIN, S.E., GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY + NEONATAL JAUNDICE IN SOUTH AFRICAN BANTU INFANTS, JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 65: 757 (1964).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","first-page":"435","volume":"16","year":"1964","unstructured":"LIVINGSTONE, F.B., ASPECTS OF POPULATION DYNAMICS OF ABNORMAL HEMOGLOBIN + GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY GENES, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS 16: 435 (1964).","journal-title":"AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(65)90520-6","volume":"21","year":"1965","unstructured":"LUZZATTO, L, BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 21: 547 (1965).","journal-title":"BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","first-page":"P19","volume":"97","year":"1965","unstructured":"LUZZATTO, L, GENETIC POLYMORPHISM OF GLUCOSE 6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE, BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 97: P19 (1965).","journal-title":"BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1038\/1831347a0","volume":"183","year":"1959","unstructured":"MANDEL, SPH, STABLE EQUILIBRIUM AT A SEX-LINKED LOCUS, NATURE 183: 1347 (1959).","journal-title":"NATURE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","first-page":"529","volume":"44","year":"1958","unstructured":"MARKS, P.A., EFFECT OF AGE ON THE ENZYME ACTIVITY IN ERYTHROCYTES, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 44: 529 (1958).","journal-title":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","first-page":"143","year":"1965","unstructured":"Motulsky, A. G., Abnormal Hemoglobins in Africa: 143 (1965).","journal-title":"Abnormal Hemoglobins in Africa"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","first-page":"28","volume":"32","year":"1960","unstructured":"MOTULSKY, A.G., HUM BIOL 32: 28 (1960).","journal-title":"HUM BIOL"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1101\/SQB.1964.029.01.043","volume":"29","year":"1964","unstructured":"NANCE, W.E., GENETIC TESTS WITH A SEX-LINKED MARKER - GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE, COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 29: 415 (1964).","journal-title":"COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","first-page":"1093","volume":"2","year":"1960","unstructured":"PANIZON, F, LANCET 2: 1093 (1960).","journal-title":"LANCET"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.1961.8","volume":"16","year":"1961","unstructured":"PARSONS, P. A., HEREDITY 16: 103 (1961).","journal-title":"HEREDITY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","first-page":"895","volume":"1","year":"1964","unstructured":"PORTER, I.H., VARIATION OF GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASEIN DIFFERENT POPULATIONS, LANCET 1: 895 (1964).","journal-title":"LANCET"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1965.14.358","volume":"14","year":"1965","unstructured":"POWELL, R.D., GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY AND FALCIPARUM MALARIA, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 14: 358 (1965).","journal-title":"AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","first-page":"371","volume":"55","year":"1963","unstructured":"SANSONE, G, PATHOLOGICA 55: 371 (1963).","journal-title":"PATHOLOGICA"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","first-page":"379","volume":"34","year":"1966","unstructured":"SINISCALCO, M, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION BULLETIN 34: 379 (1966).","journal-title":"WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION BULLETIN"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","unstructured":"Spiess E. B. Animal Population Genetics (1962)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","first-page":"296","volume":"18","year":"1966","unstructured":"STAMATOYANNOPOU.G, DISTRIBUTION OF GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY IN GREECE, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS 18: 296 (1966).","journal-title":"AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","first-page":"258","volume":"27","year":"1966","unstructured":"TEPLITZ, R. L., BLOOD-THE JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY 27: 258 (1966).","journal-title":"BLOOD-THE JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","first-page":"606","volume":"202","year":"1964","unstructured":"TONZ, O, MORPHOLOGICAL DEMONSTRATION OF 2 RED CELL POPULATIONS IN HUMAN FEMALES HETEROZYGOUS FOR GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY, NATURE 202: 606 (1964).","journal-title":"NATURE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","first-page":"703","volume":"37","year":"1957","unstructured":"VANDEPITTE, J, ANNALES DE LA SOCIETE BELGE DE MEECINE TROPICALE 37: 703 (1957).","journal-title":"ANNALES DE LA SOCIETE BELGE DE MEECINE TROPICALE"}],"container-title":["Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/science.164.3881.839","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T16:14:09Z","timestamp":1704989649000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.164.3881.839"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1969,5,16]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3881","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1969,5,16]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/science.164.3881.839"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.164.3881.839","relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-8075","1095-9203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-8075","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-9203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1969,5,16]]}}}