{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T07:23:19Z","timestamp":1767165799154,"version":"build-2238731810"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"4968","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,8,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The three-dimensional structure of charybdotoxin, a high-affinity peptide blocker of several potassium ion channels, was determined by two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2-D NMR) spectroscopy. Unambiguous NMR assignments of backbone and side chain hydrogens were made for all 37 amino acids. The structure was determined by distance geometry and refined by nuclear Overhauser and exchange spectroscopy back calculation. The peptide is built on a foundation of three antiparallel \u03b2 strands to which other parts of the sequence are attached by three disulfide bridges. The overall shape is roughly ellipsoidal, with axes of approximately 2.5 and 1.5 nanometers. Nine of the ten charged groups are located on one side of the ellipsoid, with seven of the eight positive residues lying in a stripe 2.5 nanometers in length. The other side displays three hydrophobic residues projecting prominently into aqueous solution. The structure rationalizes several mechanistic features of charybdotoxin block of the high-conductance Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    -activated K\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    channel.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1696395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,5]],"date-time":"2006-10-05T18:10:14Z","timestamp":1160071814000},"page":"521-524","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Molecular Structure of Charybdotoxin, a Pore-Directed Inhibitor of Potassium Ion Channels"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"249","author":[{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Walter","family":"Massefski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02254."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alfred G.","family":"Redfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02254."},{"name":"Department of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02254."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dennis R.","family":"Hare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hare Research, Inc., Woodinville, WA 98072."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02254."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.91.3.317","volume":"91","year":"1988","unstructured":"ANDERSON, C.S., CHARYBDOTOXIN BLOCK OF SINGLE CA-2+-ACTIVATED K+ CHANNELS - EFFECTS OF CHANNEL GATING, VOLTAGE, AND IONIC-STRENGTH, JOURNAL OF GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY 91: 317 (1988).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"355","volume":"65","year":"1985","unstructured":"BAX, A, MLEV-17-BASED TWO-DIMENSIONAL HOMONUCLEAR MAGNETIZATION TRANSFER SPECTROSCOPY, JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE 65: 355 (1985).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00585064","volume":"408","year":"1987","unstructured":"CARBONE, E, BLOCKING OF THE SQUID AXON K+ CHANNEL BY NOXIUSTOXIN - A TOXIN FROM THE VENOM OF THE SCORPION CENTRUROIDES-NOXIUS, PFLUGERS ARCHIV-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 408: 423 (1987).","journal-title":"PFLUGERS ARCHIV-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2459775"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5953","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00393a001","volume":"26","year":"1987","unstructured":"ENGLANDER, S.W., MAIN-CHAIN-DIRECTED STRATEGY FOR THE ASSIGNMENT OF H-1-NMR SPECTRA OF PROTEINS, BIOCHEMISTRY 26: 5953 (1987).","journal-title":"BIOCHEMISTRY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"A118","volume":"57","year":"1990","unstructured":"GARCIA, M.L., SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE CA2+-ACTIVATED K+-CHANNEL INHIBITORS - CHARYBDOTOXIN, IBERIOTOXIN AND CHIMERIC ANALOGS, BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL 57: A118 (1990).","journal-title":"BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"3329","volume":"85","year":"1988","unstructured":"GIMENEZGALLEGO, G, PURIFICATION, SEQUENCE, AND MODEL STRUCTURE OF CHARYBDOTOXIN, A POTENT SELECTIVE INHIBITOR OF CALCIUM-ACTIVATED POTASSIUM CHANNELS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 85: 3329 (1988).","journal-title":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(89)90979-3","volume":"56","year":"1989","unstructured":"JAN, L.Y., VOLTAGE-SENSITIVE ION 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