{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T09:02:33Z","timestamp":1762160553681},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"4325","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1978,1,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Regulations to limit the use of trichloroethylene as a degreasing solvent have led to an increased use of the more photochemically inert solvent methyl chloroform as a substitute. Model calculations show that about 15 percent of the methyl chloroform released into the atmosphere will reach the stratosphere. Time scenarios based on past production figures and reasonable projections for future release rates lead to a steady-state ozone depletion due to this solvent about 20 percent as large as those resulting from the continuous release of chlorofluoromethanes at 1973 rates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.199.4325.174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,5]],"date-time":"2006-10-05T16:35:25Z","timestamp":1160066125000},"page":"174-177","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Methyl Chloroform: Impact on Stratospheric Ozone"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"199","author":[{"given":"J. C.","family":"McConnell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Centre for Research in Experimental Space Science, York University, Downsview, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H. I.","family":"Schiff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, York University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","first-page":"9","volume":"205","year":"1974","unstructured":"CHEM MARK REP 205: 9 (1974).","journal-title":"CHEM MARK REP"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"9","volume":"211","year":"1977","unstructured":"CHEM MARK REP 211: 9 (1977).","journal-title":"CHEM MARK REP"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"32","volume":"119","year":"1976","unstructured":"CHEM WEEK 119: 32 (1976).","journal-title":"CHEM WEEK"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"ENVIRONMENTAL NEWS (8 7 1976)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"Halocarbons: Effects on stratospheric ozon (1976)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"Preliminary Economic Impact Assessment of Possible Regulatory Action to Control Atmospheric Emissions of Selected Hydrocarbons (1975)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"Report on the Problem of Halogenated Air Pollutants and Stratospheric Ozone (1975)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"Synthetic organic chemicals U.S. International Trade Commission Reports C\/P-76-8 (1976)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"697.3031A","year":"1972","unstructured":"Blackford, J. L., Chemical Economics Handbook: 697.3031A (1972).","journal-title":"Chemical Economics Handbook"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"697.3031A","year":"1975","unstructured":"Blackford, J. L., Chemical Economics Handbook: 697.3031A (1975).","journal-title":"Chemical Economics Handbook"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.185.4157.1165"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-6981(76)90170-0","volume":"10","year":"1976","unstructured":"COX, R.A., PHOTOCHEMICAL OXIDATION OF HALOCARBONS IN TROPOSPHERE, ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 10: 305 (1976).","journal-title":"ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1029\/JC083iC01p00345","volume":"83","year":"1978","unstructured":"Crutzen, P. J., Journal of Geophysical Research 83: 345 (1978).","journal-title":"Journal of Geophysical Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0469(1975)032<0163:COCCCH>2.0.CO;2","volume":"32","year":"1975","unstructured":"EHHALT, D.H., CONCENTRATIONS OF CH4, CO, CO2, H2, H2O AND N2O IN UPPER STRATOSPHERE, JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES 32: 163 (1975).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1080\/00022470.1974.10469934","volume":"24","year":"1974","unstructured":"FELDSTEIN, M, CRITICAL REVIEW OF REGULATIONS FOR CONTROL OF HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS FROM STATIONARY SOURCES, JOURNAL OF THE AIR POLLUTION CONTROL ASSOCIATION 24: 469 (1974).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF THE AIR POLLUTION CONTROL ASSOCIATION"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","unstructured":"Hampson R. F. Chemical kinetic and photochemical data for modelling atmospheric chemistry National Bureau of Standards Technical Note 866 (1975)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4303","DOI":"10.1063\/1.432115","volume":"64","year":"1976","unstructured":"HOWARD, C.J., RATE CONSTANTS FOR REACTIONS OF OH WITH ETHANE AND SOME HALOGEN SUBSTITUTED ETHANES AT 296K, JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS 64: 4303 (1976).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","first-page":"4711","volume":"72","year":"1975","unstructured":"HUNTEN, D.M., ESTIMATES OF STRATOSPHERIC POLLUTION BY AN ANALYTIC MODEL, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 72: 4711 (1975).","journal-title":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1038\/241194a0","volume":"241","year":"1973","unstructured":"LOVELOCK, J.E., HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS IN AND OVER ATLANTIC, NATURE 241: 194 (1973).","journal-title":"NATURE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1038\/252292a0","volume":"252","year":"1974","unstructured":"LOVELOCK, J.E., ATMOSPHERIC HALOCARBONS AND STRATOSPHERIC OZONE, NATURE 252: 292 (1974).","journal-title":"NATURE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0469(1973)030<1465:ONITA>2.0.CO;2","volume":"30","year":"1973","unstructured":"MCELROY, M.B., J ATMOS SCI 30: 1465 (1973).","journal-title":"J ATMOS SCI"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1038\/249810a0","volume":"249","year":"1974","unstructured":"MOLINA, M.J., STRATOSPHERIC SINK FOR CHLOROFLUOROMETHANES - CHLORINE ATOMIC-CATALYSED DESTRUCTION OF OZONE, NATURE 249: 810 (1974).","journal-title":"NATURE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","first-page":"305","volume":"189","year":"1975","unstructured":"PEARSON, C.R., CHLORINATED C1 AND C2 HYDROCARBONS IN MARINE ENVIRONMENT, PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON SERIES B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 189: 305 (1975).","journal-title":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON SERIES B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1029\/GL003i008p00466","volume":"3","year":"1976","unstructured":"PERNER, D, OH - RADICALS IN LOWER TROPOSPHERE, GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 3: 466 (1976).","journal-title":"GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","unstructured":"RASMUSSEN R.A. COMMUNICATION."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","first-page":"14","year":"1969","unstructured":"Reiter, E. R., Atmospheric Transport Processes, Part 1, Energy Transfers and Transformations: 14 (1969).","journal-title":"Atmospheric Transport Processes, Part 1, Energy Transfers and Transformations"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","unstructured":"ROWLAND F.S. COMMUNICATION."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","unstructured":"ROWLAND S COMMUNICATION."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","first-page":"192","year":"1974","unstructured":"Seiler, W., Proceedings of the International Conference on the Structure, Composition and General Circulation of the Upper and Lower Atmospheres and Possible Anthropogenic Perturbations: 192 (1974).","journal-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on the Structure, Composition and General Circulation of the Upper and Lower Atmospheres and Possible Anthropogenic Perturbations"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1029\/GL004i003p00101","volume":"4","year":"1977","unstructured":"SINGH, H.B., ATMOSPHERIC HALOCARBONS - EVIDENCE IN FAVOR OF REDUCED AVERAGE HYDROXYL RADICAL CONCENTRATION IN TROPOSPHERE, GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 4: 101 (1977).","journal-title":"GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3179","DOI":"10.1029\/JA079i022p03179","volume":"79","year":"1974","unstructured":"TURCO, R. P., JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH 79: 3179 (1974).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3089","DOI":"10.1029\/JC075i015p03089","volume":"75","year":"1970","unstructured":"WALTON, A, JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH 75: 3089 (1970).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","first-page":"39","volume":"26","year":"1974","unstructured":"WARNECK, P, TELLUS 26: 39 (1974).","journal-title":"TELLUS"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ea.04.050176.002301","volume":"4","year":"1976","unstructured":"WOFSY, S.C., INTERACTIONS OF CH4 AND CO IN EARTHS ATMOSPHERE, ANNUAL REVIEW OF EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES 4: 441 (1976).","journal-title":"ANNUAL REVIEW OF EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1029\/GL002i009p00397","volume":"2","year":"1975","unstructured":"YUNG, Y.L., ATMOSPHERIC HALOCARBONS - DISCUSSION WITH EMPHASIS ON CHLOROFORM, GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 2: 397 (1975).","journal-title":"GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS"}],"container-title":["Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/science.199.4325.174","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T04:10:47Z","timestamp":1705032647000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.199.4325.174"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1978,1,13]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4325","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1978,1,13]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/science.199.4325.174"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.199.4325.174","relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-8075","1095-9203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-8075","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-9203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1978,1,13]]}}}