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The amount of haze in the Venus middle atmosphere is about ten times that found in Earth's stratosphere after the most recent major volcanic eruptions, and the thermal energy required for this injection on Venus is greater by about an order of magnitude than the largest of these recent Earth eruptions and about as large as the Krakatoa eruption of 1883. The episodic behavior of sulfur dioxide implies that steady-state models of the chemistry and dynamics of cloud-top regions may be of limited use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.223.4640.1072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,5]],"date-time":"2006-10-05T19:41:59Z","timestamp":1160077319000},"page":"1072-1074","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":170,"title":["Sulfur Dioxide: Episodic Injection Shows Evidence for Active Venus Volcanism"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"223","author":[{"given":"Larry W.","family":"Esposito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1029\/GL006i002p00117","volume":"6","year":"1979","unstructured":"BARKER, E.S., DETECTION OF SO2 IN THE UV SPECTRUM OF VENUS, GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 6: 117 (1979).","journal-title":"GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/0019-1035(82)90175-0","volume":"52","year":"1982","unstructured":"BELTON, MJS, AN INTERPRETATION OF THE NEAR-ULTRAVIOLET ABSORPTION-SPECTRUM OF SO2 - IMPLICATIONS FOR VENUS, IO, AND LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS, ICARUS 52: 149 (1982).","journal-title":"ICARUS"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7575","DOI":"10.1029\/JA085iA13p07575","volume":"85","year":"1980","unstructured":"Colin, L., Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 85: 7575 (1980).","journal-title":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1029\/GL006i007p00629","volume":"6","year":"1979","unstructured":"CONWAY, R.R., IUE DETECTION OF SULFUR-DIOXIDE IN THE ATMOSPHERE OF VENUS, GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 6: 629 (1979).","journal-title":"GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"196","volume":"6","year":"1967","unstructured":"CRUIKSHANK, D.P., COMMUN LUNAR PLANET 6: 196 (1967).","journal-title":"COMMUN LUNAR PLANET"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1126\/science.217.4566.1209","volume":"217","year":"1982","unstructured":"DEMORE, W.B., CATALYTIC PROCESSES IN THE ATMOSPHERES OF EARTH AND VENUS, SCIENCE 217: 1209 (1982).","journal-title":"SCIENCE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1086\/112561","volume":"84","year":"1979","unstructured":"DOLLFUS, A.M., WAVELENGTH DEPENDENCE OF POLARIZATION .37. 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