{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T23:06:35Z","timestamp":1791846395123,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"4952","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,4,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The \u03b1 chain of the human histocompatibility antigen HLA-G was identified as an array of five 37- to 39-kilodalton isoforms by the use of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Both cell-associated and secreted HLA-G antigens are prominent in first trimester villous cytotrophoblasts and are greatly reduced in third trimester cytotrophoblasts. Allelic variation was not detected, an indication that HLA-G is not obviously polymorphic in cytotrophoblasts. Among the following choriocarcinoma cell lines studied, HLA-G is expressed in JEG but not in Jar or BeWo. Expression of endogenous HLA-G genes has not been found in normal lymphoid cells. Thus, HLA-G is subject to both cell type-specific and developmental regulation and is expressed in early gestation human cytotrophoblasts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2326636","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,5]],"date-time":"2006-10-05T18:10:14Z","timestamp":1160071814000},"page":"220-223","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1145,"title":["A Class I Antigen, HLA-G, Expressed in Human Trophoblasts"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"248","author":[{"given":"Susan","family":"Kovats","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elliott K.","family":"Main","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Immunology Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA 94110."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clifford","family":"Librach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Oral Biology, Anatomy, and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcia","family":"Stubblebine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Immunology Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA 94110."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan J.","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Oral Biology, Anatomy, and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"DeMars","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","first-page":"8391","volume":"85","year":"1988","unstructured":"ALBERTI, S, DNA METHYLATION PREVENTS TRANSFECTION OF GENES FOR SPECIFIC SURFACE-ANTIGENS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 85: 8391 (1988).","journal-title":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2498","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.135.4.2498","volume":"135","year":"1985","unstructured":"ANDERSON, D.J., GAMMA-INTERFERON ENHANCES EXPRESSION OF CLASS-I MHC ANTIGENS IN THE WEAKLY HLA+ HUMAN CHORIOCARCINOMA CELL-LINE BEWO, BUT DOES NOT INDUCE MHC EXPRESSION IN THE HLA- CHORIOCARCINOMA CELL-LINE JAR, JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 135: 2498 (1985).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(78)90296-9","volume":"14","year":"1978","unstructured":"BARNSTABLE, C.J., PRODUCTION OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES TO GROUP-A ERYTHROCYTES, HLA AND OTHER HUMAN CELL-SURFACE ANTIGENS - NEW TOOLS FOR GENETIC-ANALYSIS, CELL 14: 9 (1978).","journal-title":"CELL"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"833","volume":"26","year":"1982","unstructured":"BEER, A.E., BIOL REPROD 26: 833 (1982).","journal-title":"BIOL REPROD"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"589","volume":"5","year":"1983","unstructured":"BONNEAU, M, TRANSPLANTATION PROCEEDINGS 5: 589 (1983).","journal-title":"TRANSPLANTATION PROCEEDINGS"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830090709","volume":"9","year":"1979","unstructured":"BRODSKY, F.M., CHARACTERIZATION OF A MONOCLONAL ANTI-BETA-2-MICROGLOBULIN ANTIBODY AND ITS USE IN THE GENETIC AND BIOCHEMICAL-ANALYSIS OF MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 9: 536 (1979).","journal-title":"EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1177\/33.10.3900197","volume":"33","year":"1985","unstructured":"BUTTERWORTH, B.H., HUMAN CYTOTROPHOBLAST POPULATIONS STUDIED BY MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES USING SINGLE AND DOUBLE BIOTIN AVIDIN PEROXIDASE IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY, JOURNAL OF HISTOCHEMISTRY & CYTOCHEMISTRY 33: 977 (1985).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF HISTOCHEMISTRY & CYTOCHEMISTRY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)49037-0","volume":"44","year":"1985","unstructured":"DAYA, S, PRELIMINARY CHARACTERIZATION OF 2 TYPES OF SUPPRESSOR CELLS IN THE HUMAN-UTERUS, FERTILITY AND STERILITY 44: 778 (1985).","journal-title":"FERTILITY AND STERILITY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"8183","volume":"82","year":"1985","unstructured":"DEMARS, R, MUTATIONS THAT IMPAIR A POSTTRANSCRIPTIONAL STEP IN EXPRESSION OF HLA-A AND HLA-B ANTIGENS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 82: 8183 (1985).","journal-title":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"595","volume":"59","year":"1986","unstructured":"ELLIS, S.A., EVIDENCE FOR A NOVEL HLA-ANTIGEN FOUND ON HUMAN EXTRAVILLOUS TROPHOBLAST AND A CHORIOCARCINOMA CELL-LINE, IMMUNOLOGY 59: 595 (1986).","journal-title":"IMMUNOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.144.2.731","volume":"144","year":"1990","unstructured":"ELLIS, S.A., HUMAN TROPHOBLAST AND THE CHORIOCARCINOMA CELL-LINE BEWO EXPRESS A TRUNCATED HLA CLASS-I MOLECULE, JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 144: 731 (1990).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(87)80238-7","volume":"157","year":"1987","unstructured":"FEINMAN, M.A., HLA-ANTIGEN EXPRESSION AND INDUCTION BY GAMMA-INTERFERON IN CULTURED HUMAN TROPHOBLASTS, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 157: 1429 (1987).","journal-title":"AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.109.2.891","volume":"109","year":"1989","unstructured":"FISHER, S.J., ADHESIVE AND DEGRADATIVE PROPERTIES OF HUMAN PLACENTAL CYTOTROPHOBLAST CELLS-INVITRO, JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY 109: 891 (1989).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(83)00070-1","volume":"100","year":"1983","unstructured":"GARRELS, J.I., QUANTITATIVE TWO-DIMENSIONAL GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS OF PROTEINS, METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY 100: 411 (1983).","journal-title":"METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"9145","volume":"84","year":"1987","unstructured":"GERAGHTY, D.E., A HUMAN MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX CLASS-I GENE THAT ENCODES A PROTEIN WITH A SHORTENED CYTOPLASMIC SEGMENT, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 84: 9145 (1987).","journal-title":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4046","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.142.11.4046","volume":"142","year":"1989","unstructured":"HEDLEY, M.L., DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF THE CLASS-I MHC GENES IN THE EMBRYO AND PLACENTA DURING MIDGESTATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE MOUSE, JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 142: 4046 (1989).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.140.4.1293","volume":"140","year":"1988","unstructured":"HUNT, J.S., EXPRESSION OF CLASS-I HLA GENES BY TROPHOBLAST CELLS - ANALYSIS BY INSITU HYBRIDIZATION, JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 140: 1293 (1988).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","first-page":"245","volume":"6","year":"1986","unstructured":"HUNZIKER, R.D., PLACENTAL IMMUNOREGULATION, CRC CRITICAL REVIEWS IN IMMUNOLOGY 6: 245 (1986).","journal-title":"CRC CRITICAL REVIEWS IN IMMUNOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","first-page":"398","year":"1980","unstructured":"JONES, P.P., SELECTED METHODS CEL: 398 (1980).","journal-title":"SELECTED METHODS CEL"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.166.6.1861","volume":"166","year":"1987","unstructured":"KANBOUR, A, DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF MHC CLASS-I ANTIGENS ON THE PLACENTA OF THE RAT - A MECHANISM FOR THE SURVIVAL OF THE FETAL ALLOGRAFT, JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE 166: 1861 (1987).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","first-page":"4011","volume":"44","year":"1984","unstructured":"KAWATA, M, LIMITATION OF DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF HLA-A,B,C ANTIGENS ON CHORIOCARCINOMA CELL-LINES BY MESSENGER-RNA FOR HLA HEAVY-CHAIN BUT NOT BY BETA-2-MICROGLOBULIN, CANCER RESEARCH 44: 4011 (1984).","journal-title":"CANCER RESEARCH"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.160.3.633","volume":"160","year":"1984","unstructured":"KAWATA, M, TRANSCRIPTIONAL CONTROL OF HLA-A,B,C ANTIGEN IN HUMAN PLACENTAL CYTOTROPHOBLAST ISOLATED USING TROPHOBLAST-SPECIFIC AND HLA-SPECIFIC MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES AND THE FLUORESCENCE-ACTIVATED CELL SORTER, JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE 160: 633 (1984).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","first-page":"1351","volume":"84","year":"1987","unstructured":"KITTUR, D, INSULIN BINDING TO HUMAN B-LYMPHOBLASTS IS A FUNCTION OF HLA HAPLOTYPE, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 84: 1351 (1987).","journal-title":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-118-4-1567","volume":"118","year":"1986","unstructured":"KLIMAN, H.J., PURIFICATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND INVITRO DIFFERENTIATION OF CYTOTROPHOBLASTS FROM HUMAN TERM PLACENTAE, ENDOCRINOLOGY 118: 1567 (1986).","journal-title":"ENDOCRINOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-32-5-683","volume":"32","year":"1971","unstructured":"KOHLER, P.O., ISOLATION OF HORMONE-PRODUCING CLONAL LINES OF HUMAN CHORIOCARCINOMA, JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 32: 683 (1971).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.169.2.469","volume":"169","year":"1989","unstructured":"KOLLER, B.H., CHROMOSOMAL ORGANIZATION OF THE HUMAN MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX CLASS-I GENE FAMILY, JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE 169: 469 (1989).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","unstructured":"KOVATS S unpublished data."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","unstructured":"LIBRACH C unpublished data."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1988.tb00212.x","volume":"17","year":"1988","unstructured":"MCINTYRE, J.A., IN SEARCH OF TROPHOBLAST-LYMPHOCYTE CROSSREACTIVE (TLX) ANTIGENS, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE IMMUNOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY 17: 100 (1988).","journal-title":"AMERICAN JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE IMMUNOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","first-page":"1231","volume":"28","year":"1968","unstructured":"PATILLO, R.A., CANCER RES 28: 1231 (1968).","journal-title":"CANCER RES"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","first-page":"398","volume":"6","year":"1971","unstructured":"PATILLO, R.A., IN VITRO 6: 398 (1971).","journal-title":"IN VITRO"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.1983.tb01176.x","volume":"22","year":"1983","unstructured":"REBAI, N, STRUCTURAL AND GENETIC ANALYSES OF HLA CLASS-I MOLECULES USING MONOCLONAL XENOANTIBODIES, TISSUE ANTIGENS 22: 107 (1983).","journal-title":"TISSUE ANTIGENS"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","first-page":"457","volume":"52","year":"1984","unstructured":"REDMAN, CWG, CLASS-1 MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX ANTIGENS ON HUMAN EXTRA-VILLOUS TROPHOBLAST, IMMUNOLOGY 52: 457 (1984).","journal-title":"IMMUNOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3320","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.142.9.3320","volume":"142","year":"1989","unstructured":"SHIMIZU, Y, PRODUCTION OF HUMAN-CELLS EXPRESSING INDIVIDUAL TRANSFERRED HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C GENES USING AN HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C NULL HUMAN CELL-LINE, JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 142: 3320 (1989).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","first-page":"227","volume":"85","year":"1988","unstructured":"SHIMIZU, Y, TRANSFER AND EXPRESSION OF 3 CLONED HUMAN NON-HLA-A,B,C CLASS-I MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX GENES IN MUTANT LYMPHOBLASTOID-CELLS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 85: 227 (1988).","journal-title":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","first-page":"129","volume":"65","year":"1988","unstructured":"STARKEY, P.M., CELL-POPULATIONS IN HUMAN EARLY-PREGNANCY DECIDUA - CHARACTERIZATION AND ISOLATION OF LARGE GRANULAR LYMPHOCYTES BY FLOW-CYTOMETRY, IMMUNOLOGY 65: 129 (1988).","journal-title":"IMMUNOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","unstructured":"WEI X unpublished data."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","first-page":"1","volume":"61","year":"1989","unstructured":"YEH, I.T., FUNCTIONAL AND MORPHOLOGIC EXPRESSIONS OF TROPHOBLAST, LABORATORY INVESTIGATION 61: 1 (1989).","journal-title":"LABORATORY INVESTIGATION"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3962","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)43190-5","volume":"259","year":"1984","unstructured":"ZHU, BCR, HUMAN PLACENTAL (FETAL) FIBRONECTIN - INCREASED GLYCOSYLATION AND HIGHER PROTEASE RESISTANCE THAN PLASMA FIBRONECTIN - PRESENCE OF POLYLACTOSAMINE GLYCOPEPTIDES AND PROPERTIES OF A 44-KILODALTON CHYMOTRYPTIC COLLAGEN-BINDING DOMAIN - DIFFERENCE FROM HUMAN-PLASMA FIBRONECTIN, JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 259: 3962 (1984).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY"}],"container-title":["Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/science.2326636","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T10:37:47Z","timestamp":1705055867000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.2326636"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1990,4,13]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4952","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,4,13]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/science.2326636"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.2326636","relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-8075","1095-9203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-8075","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-9203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1990,4,13]]}}}