{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T06:47:56Z","timestamp":1791355676390,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"5171","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,7,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Sulfur dioxide (SO\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            ) released by the explosive eruption of Mount Pinatubo on 15 June 1991 had an impact on climate and stratospheric ozone. The total mass of SO\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            released was much greater than the amount dissolved in the magma before the eruption, and thus an additional source for the excess SO\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            is required. Infrared spectroscopic analyses of dissolved water and carbon dioxide in glass inclusions from quartz phenocrysts demonstrate that before eruption the magma contained a separate, SO\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            -bearing vapor phase. Data for gas emissions from other volcanoes in subduction-related arcs suggest that preeruptive magmatic vapor is a major source of the SO\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            that is released during many volcanic eruptions.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.265.5171.497","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,6]],"date-time":"2006-10-06T00:01:25Z","timestamp":1160092885000},"page":"497-499","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":155,"title":["Magmatic Vapor Source for Sulfur Dioxide Released During Volcanic Eruptions: Evidence from Mount Pinatubo"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"265","author":[{"given":"Paul J.","family":"Wallace","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terrence M.","family":"Gerlach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Cascades Volcano Observatory, Vancouver, WA 98661, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-0273(91)90091-D","volume":"46","year":"1991","unstructured":"ANDRES, R.J., EXCESSIVE SULFUR-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS FROM CHILEAN VOLCANOS, JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH 46: 323 (1991).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"625","volume":"73","year":"1992","unstructured":"BAKER, L, EOS T AM GEOPHYS UN 73: 625 (1992).","journal-title":"EOS T AM GEOPHYS UN"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1038\/354139a0","volume":"354","year":"1991","unstructured":"BERNARD, A, ANHYDRITE-BEARING PUMICES FROM MOUNT-PINATUBO - FURTHER EVIDENCE FOR THE EXISTENCE OF SULFUR-RICH SILICIC MAGMAS, NATURE 354: 139 (1991).","journal-title":"NATURE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-821X(93)90004-S","volume":"119","year":"1993","unstructured":"BLANK, J.G., SOLUBILITIES OF CARBON-DIOXIDE AND WATER IN RHYOLITIC MELT AT 850-DEGREES-C AND 750 BARS, EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS 119: 27 (1993).","journal-title":"EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1029\/91GL02792","volume":"19","year":"1992","unstructured":"BLUTH, GJS, GLOBAL TRACKING OF THE SO2 CLOUDS FROM THE JUNE, 1991 MOUNT-PINATUBO ERUPTIONS, GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 19: 151 (1992).","journal-title":"GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1038\/366327a0","volume":"366","year":"1993","unstructured":"BLUTH, GJS, THE CONTRIBUTION OF EXPLOSIVE VOLCANISM TO GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC SULFUR-DIOXIDE CONCENTRATIONS, NATURE 366: 327 (1993).","journal-title":"NATURE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.2475\/ajs.260.10.721","volume":"260","year":"1962","unstructured":"BURNHAM, C.W., A METHOD FOR DETERMINING SOLUBILITY OF WATER IN SILICATE MELTS, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE 260: 721 (1962).","journal-title":"AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1093\/petrology\/28.5.781","volume":"28","year":"1987","unstructured":"CARROLL, M.R., THE STABILITY OF IGNEOUS ANHYDRITE - EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR SULFUR BEHAVIOR IN THE 1982 EL-CHICHON TRACHYANDESITE AND OTHER EVOLVED MAGMAS, JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY 28: 781 (1987).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6309","DOI":"10.1029\/JB089iB07p06309","volume":"89","year":"1984","unstructured":"DEVINE, J. 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