{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T21:03:52Z","timestamp":1791320632824,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"5247","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,1,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Exposure of eukaryotic cells to agents that generate DNA damage results in transient arrest of progression through the cell cycle. In fission yeast, the DNA damage checkpoint associated with cell cycle arrest before mitosis requires the protein kinase p56\n            <jats:sup>\n              <jats:italic>chk1<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:sup>\n            . DNA damage induced by ultraviolet light, gamma radiation, or a DNA-alkylating agent has now been shown to result in phosphorylation of p56\n            <jats:sup>\n              <jats:italic>chk1<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:sup>\n            . This phosphorylation decreased the mobility of p56\n            <jats:sup>\n              <jats:italic>chk1<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:sup>\n            on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and was abolished by a mutation in the p56\n            <jats:sup>\n              <jats:italic>chk1<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:sup>\n            catalytic domain, suggesting that it might represent autophosphorylation. Phosphorylation of p56\n            <jats:sup>\n              <jats:italic>chk1<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:sup>\n            did not occur when other checkpoint genes were inactive. Thus, p56\n            <jats:sup>\n              <jats:italic>chk1<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:sup>\n            appears to function downstream of several of the known\n            <jats:italic>Schizosaccharomyces pombe<\/jats:italic>\n            checkpoint gene products, including that encoded by\n            <jats:italic>rad3<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            , a gene with sequence similarity to the\n            <jats:italic>ATM<\/jats:italic>\n            gene mutated in patients with ataxia telangiectasia. The phosphorylation of p56\n            <jats:sup>\n              <jats:italic>chk1<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:sup>\n            provides an assayable biochemical response to activation of the DNA damage checkpoint in the G\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            phase of the cell cycle.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.271.5247.353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,27]],"date-time":"2006-10-27T18:30:41Z","timestamp":1161973841000},"page":"353-356","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":341,"title":["<i>rad<\/i>\n            -Dependent Response of the\n            <i>chk1<\/i>\n            -Encoded Protein Kinase at the DNA Damage Checkpoint"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"271","author":[{"given":"Nancy C.","family":"Walworth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rene","family":"Bernards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05179.x","article-title":"DNA-REPAIR MUTANTS DEFINING G2 CHECKPOINT PATHWAYS IN SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES-POMBE","volume":"11","author":"ALKHODAIRY F","year":"1992","unstructured":"ALKHODAIRY F, DNA-REPAIR MUTANTS DEFINING G2 CHECKPOINT PATHWAYS IN SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES-POMBE, EMBO JOURNAL 11, 1343 (1992).","journal-title":"EMBO JOURNAL"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.5.2.147","article-title":"IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NEW ELEMENTS INVOLVED IN CHECKPOINT AND FEEDBACK CONTROLS IN FISSION YEAST","volume":"5","author":"ALKHODAIRY F","year":"1994","unstructured":"ALKHODAIRY F, IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NEW ELEMENTS INVOLVED IN CHECKPOINT AND FEEDBACK CONTROLS IN FISSION YEAST, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL 5, 147 (1994).","journal-title":"MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","first-page":"59","volume":"114","author":"BASI G","year":"1993","unstructured":"BASI G, GENE 114, 59 (1993).","journal-title":"GENE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S130","DOI":"10.2307\/3578780","article-title":"IONIZING-RADIATION AND CELL-CYCLE PROGRESSION IN ATAXIA-TELANGIECTASIA","volume":"138","author":"BEAMISH H","year":"1994","unstructured":"BEAMISH H, IONIZING-RADIATION AND CELL-CYCLE PROGRESSION IN ATAXIA-TELANGIECTASIA, RADIATION RESEARCH 138, S130 (1994).","journal-title":"RADIATION RESEARCH"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00330984","article-title":"A POSITIVE SELECTION FOR MUTANTS LACKING OROTIDINE-5\u2032-PHOSPHATE DECARBOXYLASE ACTIVITY IN YEAST - 5-FLUORO-OROTIC ACID RESISTANCE","volume":"197","author":"BOEKE D. 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