{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T01:51:16Z","timestamp":1792720276890,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"5334","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,9,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The upper cervical corticospinal tract was transected on one side in adult rats. A suspension of ensheathing cells cultured from adult rat olfactory bulb was injected into the lesion site. This induced unbranched, elongative growth of the cut corticospinal axons. The axons grew through the transplant and continued to regenerate into the denervated caudal host tract. Rats with complete transections and no transplanted cells did not use the forepaw on the lesioned side for directed reaching. Rats in which the transplanted cells had formed a continuous bridge across the lesion exhibited directed forepaw reaching on the lesioned side.*<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.277.5334.2000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T09:50:14Z","timestamp":1027763414000},"page":"2000-2002","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":719,"title":["Repair of Adult Rat Corticospinal Tract by Transplants of Olfactory Ensheathing Cells"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"277","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Norman and Sadie Lee Research Centre, Division of Neurobiology, National Institute for Medical Research, Medical Research Council, London NW7 1AA, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pauline M.","family":"Field","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Norman and Sadie Lee Research Centre, Division of Neurobiology, National Institute for Medical Research, Medical Research Council, London NW7 1AA, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey","family":"Raisman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Norman and Sadie Lee Research Centre, Division of Neurobiology, National Institute for Medical Research, Medical Research Council, London NW7 1AA, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.07-09-02894.1987"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903150103","volume":"315","author":"Neuberger T. J.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Neuberger T. J., Cornbrooks C. J., Kromer L. F., J. Comp. Neurol. 315, 16 (1992);","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(92)90582-T","volume":"570","author":"Montero-Menei C. N.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Montero-Menei C. N., et al., Brain Res. 570, 198 (1992);","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018557923309","volume":"26","author":"Xu X. M.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Xu X. M., Chen A., Gu\u00e9nard V., Kleitman N., Bunge M. B., J. Neurocytol. 26, 1 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Neurocytol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4050","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.14-07-04050.1994","volume":"14","author":"Li Y.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Li Y., Raisman G., J. Neurosci. 14, 4050 (1994).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1995.1041","volume":"134","author":"___","year":"1995","unstructured":"___, Exp. Neurol. 134, 102 (1995).","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902930107","volume":"293","author":"Kuhlengel K. R.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kuhlengel K. R., Bunge M. B., Bunge R. P., Burton H., J. Comp. Neurol. 293, 74 (1990).","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1974.tb49843.x","volume":"237","author":"Moulton D. G.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Moulton D. G., Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 237, 52 (1974);","journal-title":"Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(78)90616-9","volume":"141","author":"Barber P. C.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Barber P. C., Raisman G., Brain Res. 141, 57 (1978);","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_4","first-page":"245","volume":"205","author":"Wilson K. C. P.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Wilson K. C. P., Raisman G., ibid. 205, 245 (1981);","journal-title":"ibid."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01206454","volume":"8","author":"Graziadei P. P. C.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Graziadei P. P. C., Montigraziadei G. A., J. Neurocytol. 8, 1 (1979).","journal-title":"J. Neurocytol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3077","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(82)90231-7","volume":"7","author":"Barber P. C.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Barber P. C., Lindsay R. M., Neuroscience 7, 3077 (1982);","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(92)91182-E","volume":"589","author":"Devon R.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Devon R., Doucette R., Brain Res. 589, 175 (1992).","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.440140302","volume":"14","author":"Ram\u00f3n-Cueto A.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ram\u00f3n-Cueto A., Valverde F., Glia 14, 163 (1995).","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1996.0027","volume":"173","author":"Franceschini I. A.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Franceschini I. A., Barnett S. C., Dev. Biol. 173, 327 (1996).","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(85)90176-9","volume":"14","author":"Raisman G.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Raisman G., Neuroscience 14, 237 (1985).","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"213","volume":"47","author":"Ram\u00f3n-Cueto A.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ram\u00f3n-Cueto A., Nieto-Sampedro M., ibid. 47, 213 (1992).","journal-title":"ibid."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","unstructured":"Unilateral lesions of the CST were produced (on the side that offered access with minimal damage to pial vessels) by a current of 10 \u03bcA for 8 to 10 min passed through a stainless steel electrode inserted to a vertical depth of 1 mm at 1 mm caudal to the obex and 0.3 mm from the midline in 71 young adult female AS rats (6 to 8 months old body weights 200 to 220 g). Immediately after withdrawing the lesioning electrode 50 rats received 5 \u03bcl of a suspension containing about 125 000 cultured OECs injected into the lesion site over a period of 1 to 2 min through a glass micropipette (3). In 30 rats 10% BD was injected stereotaxically into the contralateral medullary pyramid (4) 6 days before they were killed to allow time for anterograde labeling of the CST axons. At survival times of 6 days ( n = 6) 10 days ( n = 9) 3 weeks ( n = 4) 4 weeks ( n = 7) and 9 weeks ( n = 4) after the lesioning and transplantation the rats were killed and perfusion fixed (4). Longitudinal Vibratome sections 100 \u03bcm thick were used to identify the OECs by immunofluorescence for p75 low-affinity neurotrophin receptor and the CST axons by immunofluorescence for BD and the results were recorded by confocal microscopy of serial longitudinal sections through the operated area. The remaining 20 rats [after survivals of 10 days ( n = 3) 20 days ( n = 3) 4 weeks ( n = 7) and 2 to 3 months ( n = 7)] were killed and perfusion fixed for electron microscopy (4)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","unstructured":"I. Q. Whishaw R. B. O'Connor"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/109.5.805","volume":"109","author":"Dunnett S. B.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Dunnett S. B., Brain 109, 805 (1986).","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","unstructured":"Perfusion-fixed spinal cords of all 28 tested rats were divided coronally from the obex caudally into 20 consecutive 0.7-mm-thick blocks; three blocks corresponded to one cervical segment (as ascertained from surface observation of the spinal nerve roots). The lesions damaged an area of tissue about 0.5 mm in cross section and 1 to 2 mm in a rostrocaudal direction. In semithin sections the descending CST axons were distinguished from the larger ascending sensory fibers of the dorsal columns by their position as a well-delineated compact bundle in the medioventral edge of the dorsal columns by their smaller fiber diameter (about 1 \u03bcm) and by the denser packing of the interfascicular glial cells. The extent of the lesions the position of the transplants and the presence of transplanted OECs and OEC-myelinated axons were recorded in camera lucida drawings of 1-\u03bcm-thick coronal sections. The area of any remaining part of the CST was measured."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","unstructured":"We thank D. Li for consultation and collaboration. Y. Ajayi adapted the method for culturing the OECs. Supported by the Medical Research Council the British Neurological Research Trust the International Spinal Research Trust the Barnwood House Trust and Smith's Charities."}],"container-title":["Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/science.277.5334.2000","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]],"date-time":"2024-01-13T03:53:38Z","timestamp":1705118018000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.277.5334.2000"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,9,26]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5334","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,9,26]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/science.277.5334.2000"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.277.5334.2000","relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-8075","1095-9203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-8075","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-9203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,9,26]]}}}