{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T06:05:16Z","timestamp":1791180316250,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":177,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"5336","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,10,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and human Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) are among the most notable central nervous system degenerative disorders caused by prions. CJD may present as a sporadic, genetic, or infectious illness. Prions are transmissible particles that are devoid of nucleic acid and seem to be composed exclusively of a modified protein (PrP\n                    <jats:sup>Sc<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). The normal, cellular prion protein (PrP\n                    <jats:sup>C<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) is converted into PrP\n                    <jats:sup>Sc<\/jats:sup>\n                    through a posttranslational process during which it acquires a high \u03b2-sheet content. It is thought that BSE is a result of cannibalism in which faulty industrial practices produced prion-contaminated feed for cattle. There is now considerable concern that bovine prions may have been passed to humans, resulting in a new form of CJD.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.278.5336.245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T05:44:47Z","timestamp":1027748687000},"page":"245-251","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":785,"title":["Prion Diseases and the BSE Crisis"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"278","author":[{"given":"Stanley B.","family":"Prusiner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology (address for correspondence) and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","unstructured":"Prions are defined as proteinaceous infectious particles that lack nucleic acid. PrP C is the cellular prion protein; PrP Sc is the pathologic isoform. Amino-terminal truncation during limited proteolysis of PrP Sc produces PrP 27\u201330 (so named because this protease-resistant core of PrP Sc migrates at \u223c27 to 30 kD)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1675487"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.23.10962"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","first-page":"2310","volume":"83","author":"Meyer R. K.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Meyer R. K., et al., ibid. 83, 2310 (1986).","journal-title":"ibid."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(85)90333-2","volume":"40","author":"Oesch B.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Oesch B., et al., Cell 40, 735 (1985).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)91828-0","volume":"346","author":"Bateman D.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bateman D., et al., Lancet 346, 1155 (1995);","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_3","unstructured":"; T. C. Britton S. Al-Sarraj C. Shaw T. Campbell J. Collinge ibid. p. 1155; G. Chazot et al. ibid. 347 1181 (1996); R. G. Will et al. ibid. p. 921."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/385197a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.mi.43.100189.002021"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","first-page":"736","volume":"154","author":"Gerstmann J.","year":"1936","unstructured":"Gerstmann J., Str\u00e4ussler E., Scheinker I., Z. Neurol. 154, 736 (1936);","journal-title":"Z. Neurol."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410050212","volume":"5","author":"Masters C. L.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Masters C. L., et al., Ann. Neurol. 5, 177 (1978).","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1038\/338342a0","volume":"338","author":"Hsiao K.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Hsiao K., et al., Nature 338, 342 (1989).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1126\/science.142303","volume":"197","author":"Gajdusek D. C.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Gajdusek D. C., Science 197, 943 (1977).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199104183241604","volume":"324","author":"Hsiao K.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Hsiao K., et al., N. Engl. J. Med. 324, 1091 (1991).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a121567","volume":"98","author":"Bobowick A. R.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Bobowick A. R., Brody J. A., Matthews M. R., Roos R., Gajdusek D. C., Am. J. Epidemiol. 98, 381 (1973).","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","unstructured":"R. Malmgren L. Kurland B. Mokri J. Kurtzke in Slow Transmissible Diseases of the Nervous System S. B. Prusiner and W. J. Hadlow Eds. (Academic Press New York 1979) vol. 1 pp. 93\u2013112;"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.37.6.895","volume":"37","author":"Brown P.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Brown P., Cathala F., Raubertas R. F., Gajdusek D. C., Castaigne P., Neurology 37, 895 (1987);","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.51.9.1113","volume":"51","author":"Harries-Jones R.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Harries-Jones R., et al., J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 51, 1113 (1988);","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_5","first-page":"459","volume":"53","author":"Cousens S. N.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Cousens S. N., et al., ibid. 53, 459 (1990).","journal-title":"ibid."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F. Meggendorfer Z. Gesamte Neurol. Psychiatr. 128 337 (1930); A. Stender ibid. p. 528; N. P. Rosenthal","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02864285"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1976.00500040036005","volume":"33","author":"Keesey J.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Keesey J., Crandall B., Brown W. J., Arch. Neurol. 33, 252 (1976).","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/104.3.559","volume":"104","author":"Masters C. L.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Masters C. L., Gajdusek D. C., Gibbs C. J., Brain 104, 559 (1981).","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(86)90875-5","volume":"46","author":"Carlson G. A.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Carlson G. A., et al., Cell 46, 503 (1986).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","unstructured":"K. Doh-ura"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(89)92317-6","volume":"163","author":"Tateishi J.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Tateishi J., Sasaki H., Kitamoto T., Sakaki Y., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 163, 974 (1989);","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(89)90095-2","volume":"106","author":"Goldgaber D.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Goldgaber D., et al., Exp. Neurol. 106, 204 (1989);","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)92826-N","volume":"337","author":"Kretzschmar H. A.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kretzschmar H. A., et al., Lancet 337, 1160 (1991).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0492-64","volume":"1","author":"Dlouhy S. R.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Dlouhy S. R., et al., Nature Genet. 1, 64 (1992);","journal-title":"Nature Genet."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.42.10.1859","volume":"42","author":"Petersen R. B.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Petersen R. B., et al., Neurology 42, 1859 (1992);","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/115.3.675","volume":"115","author":"Poulter M.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Poulter M., et al., Brain 115, 675 (1992);","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_5","first-page":"828","volume":"53","author":"Gabizon R.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Gabizon R., et al., Am. J. Hum. Genet. 53, 828 (1993).","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1980379","volume":"250","author":"Hsiao K. K.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Hsiao K. K., et al., Science 250, 1587 (1990).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.19.9126"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.10.14.1736","volume":"10","author":"Telling G. C.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Telling G. C., et al., Genes Dev. 10, 1736 (1996).","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1038\/356577a0","volume":"356","author":"B\u00fceler H.","year":"1992","unstructured":"B\u00fceler H., et al., Nature 356, 577 (1992).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90236-8","volume":"83","author":"Telling G. C.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Telling G. C., et al., Cell 83, 79 (1995).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.274.5295.2079"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","unstructured":"M. R. Scott et al. Protein Sci. 6 (suppl. 1) 84 (1997)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","unstructured":"M. P. Alpers in The Central Nervous System Some Experimental Models of Neurological Diseases O. T. Bailey and D. E. Smith Eds. (Williams & Wilkins Baltimore 1968) pp. 234\u2013251."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","unstructured":"___ in Prions\u2014Novel Infectious Pathogens Causing Scrapie and Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease S. B. Prusiner and M. P. McKinley Eds. (Academic Press Orlando FL 1987) pp. 451\u2013465."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)92431-E","volume":"340","author":"Brown P.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Brown P., Preece M. A., Will R. G., Lancet 340, 24 (1992).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.47.3.690","volume":"47","author":"Billette de Villemeur T.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Billette de Villemeur T., et al., Neurology 47, 690 (1996);","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_3","unstructured":"; PHS Interagency Coordinating Committee Report on Human Growth Hormone and Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (1997) vol. 14 pp. 1\u201311."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.56.9.999","volume":"56","author":"Esmonde T.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Esmonde T., Lueck C. J., Symon L., Duchen L. W., Will R. G., J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 56, 999 (1993);","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_3","first-page":"737","volume":"34","author":"Lane K. L.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lane K. L., et al., Neurosurgery 34, 737 (1994);","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_4","unstructured":"; J. Tateishi and T. Kitamoto in preparation."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","unstructured":"I. H. Pattison in Slow Latent and Temperate Virus Infections NINDB Monograph 2 D. C. Gajdusek C. J. Gibbs Jr. M. P. Alpers Eds. (U.S. Government Printing Office Washington DC 1965) pp. 249\u2013257;"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(18)34525-9","volume":"9","author":"Pattison I. H.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Pattison I. H., Jones K. M., Res. Vet. Sci. 9, 408 (1968).","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.19.10069"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(89)90608-9","volume":"59","author":"Scott M.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Scott M., et al., Cell 59, 847 (1989).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-70-8-2017","volume":"70","author":"Kimberlin R. H.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Kimberlin R. H., Walker C. A., Fraser H., J. Gen. Virol. 70, 2017 (1989).","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.6.7.1213","volume":"6","author":"Hecker R.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hecker R., et al., Genes Dev. 6, 1213 (1992).","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9936","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.21.9936","volume":"91","author":"Telling G. C.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Telling G. C., et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91, 9936 (1994).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.110.3.743","volume":"110","author":"Borchelt D. R.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Borchelt D. R., Scott M., Taraboulos A., Stahl N., Prusiner S. B., J. Cell Biol. 110, 743 (1990);","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)55257-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10940","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.22.10940","volume":"89","author":"Gasset M.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Gasset M., et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89, 10940 (1992).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_40_2","first-page":"7139","volume":"91","author":"Huang Z.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Huang Z., et al., ibid. 91, 7139 (1994).","journal-title":"ibid."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1996.0132","volume":"236","author":"Pergami P.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Pergami P., Jaffe H., Safar J., Anal. Biochem. 236, 63 (1996).","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1995.0395","volume":"250","author":"Zhang H.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Zhang H., et al., J. Mol. Biol. 250, 514 (1995).","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_43_2","first-page":"362","volume":"245","author":"Sch\u00e4tzl H. M.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Sch\u00e4tzl H. M., Da Costa M., Taylor L., Cohen F. E., Prusiner S. B., ibid. 245, 362 (1995);","journal-title":"ibid."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_43_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1101\/SQB.1996.061.01.050","volume":"61","author":"Bamborough P.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bamborough P., et al., Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 61, 495 (1996).","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90275-U","volume":"73","author":"Scott M.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Scott M., et al., Cell 73, 979 (1993).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1038\/380675a0","volume":"380","author":"Krakauer D. C.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Krakauer D. C., Pagel M., Southwood T. R. E., Zanotto P. M., Nature 380, 675 (1996).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi952965e"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_47_2","first-page":"3543","volume":"36","author":"Zhang H.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Zhang H., et al., ibid. 36, 3543 (1997).","journal-title":"ibid."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_48_2","unstructured":"T. L. James et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 10086 (1997)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/382180a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Billeter et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 7281 (1997).","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.14.7281"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(97)00920-4","volume":"413","author":"Riek R.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Riek R., Hornemann S., Wider G., Glockshuber R., W\u00fcthrich K., FEBS Lett. 413, 282 (1997).","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_52_2","unstructured":"D. G. Donne et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. in press. The consensus sequence of octarepeats in the NH 2 -terminal region is [P(Q\/H)GGG(G\/\u2212)- WGQ]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Z. Huang S. B. Prusiner F. E. Cohen Folding Design 1 13 (1996).","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-0278(96)00007-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1988.tb14246.x","volume":"176","author":"Turk E.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Turk E., Teplow D. B., Hood L. E., Prusiner S. B., Eur. J. Biochem. 176, 21 (1988).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15457","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.26.15457","volume":"93","author":"Muramoto T.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Muramoto T., Scott M., Cohen F., Prusiner S. B., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93, 15457 (1996).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(83)90168-X","volume":"35","author":"Prusiner S. B.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Prusiner S. B., et al., Cell 35, 349 (1983).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7672","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00245a003","volume":"30","author":"Caughey B. W.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Caughey B. W., et al., Biochemistry 30, 7672 (1991);","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_57_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.1.1","volume":"90","author":"Gasset M.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Gasset M., Baldwin M. A., Fletterick R. J., Prusiner S. B., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90, 1 (1993);","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_57_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20276","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(20)80725-X","volume":"268","author":"Safar J.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Safar J., Roller P. P., Gajdusek D. C., Gibbs C. J., J. Biol. Chem. 268, 20276 (1993).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3182","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.8.3182","volume":"90","author":"Rogers M.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Rogers M., Yehiely F., Scott M., Prusiner S. B., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90, 3182 (1993).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00467.x","volume":"15","author":"Fischer M.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Fischer M., et al., EMBO J. 15, 1255 (1996).","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_60_2","unstructured":"D. Peretz et al. J. Mol. Biol. in press."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9975(68)90005-4","volume":"78","author":"Dickinson A. G.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Dickinson A. G., Meikle V. M. H., Fraser H., J. Comp. Pathol. 78, 293 (1968).","journal-title":"J. Comp. Pathol."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/0968-0004(82)90182-7","volume":"7","author":"Kimberlin R. H.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Kimberlin R. H., Trends Biochem. Sci. 7, 392 (1982);","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_62_3","unstructured":"; A. G. Dickinson and G. W. Outram in Novel Infectious Agents and the Central Nervous System vol. 135 of Ciba Foundation Symposium G. Bock and J. Marsh Eds. (Wiley Chichester UK 1988);"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_62_4","first-page":"153","volume":"1","author":"Kimberlin R. H.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kimberlin R. H., Semin. Virol. 1, 153 (1990);","journal-title":"Semin. Virol."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_62_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-72-3-595","volume":"72","author":"Bruce M. E.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Bruce M. E., McConnell I., Fraser H., Dickinson A. G., J. Gen. Virol. 72, 595 (1991);","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_62_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1038\/352679a0","volume":"352","author":"Weissmann C.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Weissmann C., Nature 352, 679 (1991);","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_62_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1006\/neur.1996.0030","volume":"5","author":"Ridley R. M.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ridley R. M., Baker H. F., Neurodegeneration 5, 219 (1996).","journal-title":"Neurodegeneration"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1017\/S0016672300002895","volume":"13","author":"Dickinson A. G.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Dickinson A. G., Meikle V. M., Genet. Res. 13, 213 (1969);","journal-title":"Genet. Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_63_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-68-1-79","volume":"68","author":"Bruce M. E.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Bruce M. E., Dickinson A. G., J. Gen. Virol. 68, 79 (1987).","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1994.0036","volume":"343","author":"Bruce M.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bruce M., et al., Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. B 343, 405 (1994).","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. B"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(87)90134-6","volume":"51","author":"Westaway D.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Westaway D., et al., Cell 51, 651 (1987);","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_65_3","first-page":"5528","volume":"8","author":"Carlson G. A.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Carlson G. A., et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 8, 5528 (1988);","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_65_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5690","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.12.5690","volume":"91","author":"Carlson G. A.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Carlson G. A., et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91, 5690 (1994).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9975(68)90006-6","volume":"78","author":"Fraser H.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Fraser H., Dickinson A. G., J. Comp. Pathol. 78, 301 (1968).","journal-title":"J. Comp. Pathol."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-78-1-283","volume":"78","author":"Carp R. I.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Carp R. I., Meeker H., Sersen E., J. Gen. Virol. 78, 283 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_68_2","first-page":"329","volume":"73","author":"Bessen R. A.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bessen R. A., Marsh R. F., ibid. 73, 329 (1992);","journal-title":"ibid."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_68_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"; J. Virol. 68 7859 (1994);","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.68.12.7859-7868.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_68_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/375698a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_69_2","unstructured":"M. Scott et al. J. Virol. in press."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2839","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.7.2839","volume":"91","author":"Monari L.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Monari L., et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91, 2839 (1994).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410390613","volume":"39","author":"Parchi P.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Parchi P., et al., Ann. Neurol. 39, 767 (1996).","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/382779a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_73_2","first-page":"119","volume":"381","author":"Stekel D. J.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Stekel D. J., Nowak M. A., Southwood T. R. E., ibid. 381, 119 (1996).","journal-title":"ibid."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.128.9.199","volume":"128","author":"Wilesmith J. W.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Wilesmith J. W., Ryan J. B. M., Atkinson M. J., Vet. Rec. 128, 199 (1991).","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_75_2","first-page":"239","volume":"2","author":"Wilesmith J. W.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Wilesmith J. W., Semin. Virol. 2, 239 (1991);","journal-title":"Semin. Virol."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_75_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"; R. H. Kimberlin in Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy: The BSE Dilemma C. J. Gibbs Jr. Ed. (Springer New York 1996) pp. 155\u2013175.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-2406-8_13"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_76_2","unstructured":"W. Goldmann N. Hunter J. Manson J. Hope Proceedings of the VIIIth International Congress of Virology Berlin 26 to 31 August 1990 p. 284;"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_76_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-72-1-201","volume":"72","author":"Goldmann W.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Goldmann W., Hunter N., Martin T., Dawson M., Hope J., J. Gen. Virol. 72, 201 (1991).","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/167.3.602","volume":"167","author":"Prusiner S. B.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Prusiner S. B., et al., J. Infect. Dis. 167, 602 (1993).","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.135.17.400","volume":"135","author":"Hunter N.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hunter N., Goldmann W., Smith G., Hope J., Vet. Rec. 135, 400 (1994).","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_79_2","first-page":"472","volume":"123","author":"Fraser H.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Fraser H., McConnell I., Wells G. A. H., Dawson M., ibid. 123, 472 (1988);","journal-title":"ibid."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_79_3","unstructured":"; M. Dawson G. A. H. Wells B. N. J. Parker ibid. 126 112 (1990); ___ and A. C. Scott ibid. 127 338 (1990); M. Bruce A. Chree I. McConnell J. Foster H. Fraser in Proceedings of the IXth International Congress of Virology Glasgow Scotland 1993 p. 93."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9975(05)80039-8","volume":"113","author":"Robinson M. M.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Robinson M. M., et al., J. Comp. Pathol. 113, 241 (1995).","journal-title":"J. Comp. Pathol."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_81_2","unstructured":"J. Wilesmith unpublished data."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199609263351303","volume":"335","author":"Hsich G.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hsich G., Kenney K., Gibbs C. J., Lee K. H., Harrington M. G., N. Engl. J. Med. 335, 924 (1996).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1038\/336390a0","volume":"336","author":"Hope J.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Hope J., et al., Nature 336, 390 (1988);","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_83_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.40.1.110","volume":"40","author":"Serban D.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Serban D., Taraboulos A., DeArmond S. J., Prusiner S. B., Neurology 40, 110 (1990);","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_83_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7620","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.16.7620","volume":"89","author":"Taraboulos A.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Taraboulos A., et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89, 7620 (1992);","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_83_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-0934(97)02197-6","volume":"64","author":"Grathwohl K.-U. D.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Grathwohl K.-U. D., Horiuchi M., Ishiguro N., Shinagawa M., J. Virol. Methods 64, 205 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_84_2","first-page":"522","volume":"129","author":"Taylor K. C.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Taylor K. C., Vet. Rec. 129, 522 (1991);","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_84_3","unstructured":". ID median infective dose."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-73-8-1891","volume":"73","author":"Fraser H.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Fraser H., Bruce M. E., Chree A., McConnell I., Wells G. A. H., J. Gen. Virol. 73, 1891 (1992).","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.275.5298.402"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(18)34840-9","volume":"4","author":"Hunter G. D.","year":"1963","unstructured":"Hunter G. D., Millson G. C., Chandler R. L., Res. Vet. Sci. 4, 543 (1963);","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_87_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/117.1.15","volume":"117","author":"Eklund C. M.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Eklund C. M., Kennedy R. C., Hadlow W. J., J. Infect. Dis. 117, 15 (1967);","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_87_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-34-2-295"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_87_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410110406","volume":"11","author":"Prusiner S. B.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Prusiner S. B., et al., Ann. Neurol. 11, 353 (1982).","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_3_1_88_2.1","unstructured":"U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 45 665 (1996)"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_3_1_88_2.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. W. Ironside Amyloid Int. J. Exp. Clin. Invest. 4 66 (1997).","DOI":"10.3109\/13506129708995272"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.132.16.403","volume":"132","author":"Baker H. F.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Baker H. F., Ridley R. M., Wells G. A. H., Vet. Rec. 132, 403 (1993).","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1038\/381743a0","volume":"381","author":"Lasm\u00e9zas C. I.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lasm\u00e9zas C. I., et al., Nature 381, 743 (1996);","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_90_3","unstructured":"; R. Ridley and H. Baker unpublished data."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/146.5.657","volume":"146","author":"Hadlow W. J.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Hadlow W. J., Kennedy R. C., Race R. E., J. Infect. Dis. 146, 657 (1982).","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Collinge et al. Nature 378 779 (1995).","DOI":"10.1038\/378779a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G. J. Raymond et al. ibid. 388 285 (1997).","DOI":"10.1038\/40876"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_94_2","first-page":"685","volume":"383","author":"Collinge J.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Collinge J., Sidle K. C. L., Meads J., Ironside J., Hill A. F., ibid. 383, 685 (1996).","journal-title":"ibid."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_95_2","unstructured":"P. Parchi et al. ibid. 386 232 (1997); R. A. Somerville et al. ibid. p. 564."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(89)90409-8","volume":"274","author":"Haraguchi T.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Haraguchi T., et al., Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 274, 1 (1989);","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_96_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8380","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00447a017","volume":"28","author":"Endo T.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Endo T., Groth D., Prusiner S. B., Kobata A., Biochemistry 28, 8380 (1989).","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/91.1.53","volume":"91","author":"Hornabrook R. W.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Hornabrook R. W., Brain 91, 53 (1968);","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_97_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410120102","volume":"12","author":"Prusiner S. B.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Prusiner S. B., Gajdusek D. C., Alpers M. P., Ann. Neurol. 12, 1 (1982);","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_97_4","unstructured":"; P. Brown in Developments in Biological Standardization F. Brown Ed. (Karger Basel Switzerland 1993) vol. 80 pp. 91\u2013101."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. M. Glasse Trans. N.Y. Acad. Sci. Ser. 2 29 748 (1967);","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2164-0947.1967.tb02298.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_98_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(68)90482-0","author":"Mathews J. D.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Mathews J. D., Glasse R., Lindenbaum S., Lancet ii, 449 (1968).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.44.9.1683","volume":"44","author":"Chapman J.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Chapman J., Ben-Israel J., Goldhammer Y., Korczyn A. D., Neurology 44, 1683 (1994);","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_99_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03401601","volume":"1","author":"Spudich S.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Spudich S., et al., Mol. Med. 1, 607 (1995).","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7909169"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.129.3.619","volume":"129","author":"Gorodinsky A.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Gorodinsky A., Harris D. A., J. Cell Biol. 129, 619 (1995);","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_101_3","unstructured":"; A. Taraboulos et al. ibid. p. 121; M. Vey et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93 14945 (1996); K. Kaneko et al. ibid. 94 2333 (1997);"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_101_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6324","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.10.6324","volume":"272","author":"Naslavsky N.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Naslavsky N., Stein R., Yanai A., Friedlander G., Taraboulos A., J. Biol. Chem. 272, 6324 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-74-6-1025","volume":"74","author":"Hunter N.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hunter N., Goldmann W., Benson G., Foster J. D., Hope J., J. Gen. Virol. 74, 1025 (1993);","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_102_3","first-page":"989","volume":"75","author":"Goldmann W.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Goldmann W., Hunter N., Smith G., Foster J., Hope J., ibid. 75, 989 (1994);","journal-title":"ibid."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_102_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.8.8.959","volume":"8","author":"Westaway D.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Westaway D., et al., Genes Dev. 8, 959 (1994);","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_102_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-76-3-509","volume":"76","author":"Belt P. B. G. M.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Belt P. B. G. M., et al., J. Gen. Virol. 76, 509 (1995);","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_102_6","unstructured":"; C. Clousard et al. ibid. p. 2097; T. Ikeda et al. ibid. p. 2577;"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_102_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.140.3.59","volume":"140","author":"Hunter N.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hunter N., Moore L., Hosie B. D., Dingwall W. S., Greig A., Vet. Rec. 140, 59 (1997);","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_102_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1038\/386137a0","volume":"386","author":"Hunter N.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hunter N., et al., Nature 386, 137 (1997);","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_102_9","unstructured":"; K. I. O'Rourke et al. J. Gen. Virol. 78 975 (1997)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.1962.4","volume":"17","author":"Parry H. B.","year":"1962","unstructured":"Parry H. B., Heredity 17, 75 (1962);","journal-title":"Heredity"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_103_3","unstructured":"; in Scrapie Disease in Sheep D. R. Oppenheimer Ed. (Academic Press New York 1983) pp. 31\u201359."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90360-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10608","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.22.10608","volume":"90","author":"Prusiner S. B.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Prusiner S. B., et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90, 10608 (1993).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1038\/370295a0","volume":"370","author":"Collinge J.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Collinge J., et al., Nature 370, 295 (1994);","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_106_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2403","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.6.2403","volume":"93","author":"Lledo P.-M.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lledo P.-M., Tremblay P., DeArmond S. J., Prusiner S. B., Nicoll R. A., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93, 2403 (1996);","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_106_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1038\/380528a0","volume":"380","author":"Sakaguchi S.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Sakaguchi S., et al., Nature 380, 528 (1996);","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_106_5","unstructured":"; I. Tobler et al. ibid. p. 639."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7909170"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_107_3","first-page":"880","volume":"268","author":"Chernoff Y. O.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Chernoff Y. O., Lindquist S. L., Ono B.-i., Inge-Vechtomov S. G., Liebman S. W., ibid. 268, 880 (1995) ;","journal-title":"ibid."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_107_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/144.4.1375","volume":"144","author":"Derkatch I. L.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Derkatch I. L., Chernoff Y. O., Kushnirov V. V., Inge-Vechtomov S. G., Liebman S. W., Genetics 144, 1375 (1996);","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_107_5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80264-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_107_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9773","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.18.9773","volume":"94","author":"Coustou V.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Coustou V., Deleu C., Saupe S., Begueret J., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94, 9773 (1997).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C.-Y. King et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 6618 (1997).","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.13.6618"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.277.5324.381"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(90)90134-Z","volume":"63","author":"Prusiner S. B.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Prusiner S. B., et al., Cell 63, 673 (1990);","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_110_3","unstructured":"; D. Groth and S. B. Prusiner unpublished data."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_111_2","unstructured":"G. Telling et al. in preparation."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_112_2","unstructured":"I thank F. E. Cohen and S. J. DeArmond for many stimulating discussions and their help in preparing this manuscript. Human specimens were kindly provided by J. Ironside R. Will and J. Bell. Supported by grants from NIH (NS14069 AG08967 P41-RR01081 AG02132 and NS22786) the International Human Frontiers of Science Program and the American Health Assistance Foundation as well as by gifts from the Sherman Fairchild Foundation the G. Harold and Leila Y. Mathers Foundation the Bernard Osher Foundation and Centeon Inc."}],"container-title":["Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/science.278.5336.245","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T23:50:06Z","timestamp":1705103406000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.278.5336.245"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,10,10]]},"references-count":177,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5336","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,10,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/science.278.5336.245"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.278.5336.245","relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-8075","1095-9203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-8075","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-9203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,10,10]]}}}