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The hypothesis states that a necessary condition for helix formation is the presence of residues flanking the helix termini whose side chains can form hydrogen bonds with the initial four-helix &gt; N-H groups and final four-helix &gt; C-O groups; these eight groups would otherwise lack intrahelical partners. This simple hypothesis implies the existence of a stereochemical code in which certain sequences have the hydrogen-bonding capacity to function as helix boundaries and thereby enable the helix to form autonomously. The three-dimensional structure of a protein is a consequence of the genetic code, but the rules relating sequence to structure are still unknown. The ensuing analysis supports the idea that a stereochemical code for the \u03b1 helix resides in its boundary residues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2837824","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,5]],"date-time":"2006-10-05T21:21:15Z","timestamp":1160083275000},"page":"1632-1641","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":535,"title":["Helix Signals in Proteins"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"240","author":[{"given":"Leonard G.","family":"Presta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry, Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George D.","family":"Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry, Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0079-6107(84)90007-5","volume":"44","year":"1984","unstructured":"BAKER, E.N., HYDROGEN-BONDING IN GLOBULAR-PROTEINS, PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 44: 97 (1984).","journal-title":"PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/0968-0004(86)90219-7","volume":"11","year":"1986","unstructured":"BALDWIN, R.L., SEEDING PROTEIN FOLDING, TRENDS IN BIOCHEMICAL SCIENCES 11: 6 (1986).","journal-title":"TRENDS IN BIOCHEMICAL SCIENCES"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(87)90521-3","volume":"196","year":"1987","unstructured":"BASHFORD, D, DETERMINANTS OF A PROTEIN FOLD - UNIQUE FEATURES OF THE GLOBIN AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCES, JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 196: 199 (1987).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(77)80200-3","volume":"112","year":"1977","unstructured":"BERNSTEIN, F.C., PROTEIN DATA BANK - COMPUTER-BASED ARCHIVAL FILE FOR MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURES, JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 112: 535 (1977).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"2470","volume":"79","year":"1982","unstructured":"BIERZYNSKI, A, A SALT BRIDGE STABILIZES THE HELIX FORMED BY ISOLATED C-PEPTIDE OF RNASE-A, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 79: 2470 (1982).","journal-title":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1002\/bip.1975.360140118","volume":"14","year":"1975","unstructured":"BLAGDON, D.E., MECHANISMS OF PROTEIN AND POLYPEPTIDE HELIX INITIATION, BIOPOLYMERS 14: 241 (1975).","journal-title":"BIOPOLYMERS"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-3233(08)60527-6","volume":"38","year":"1986","unstructured":"BRIGGS, M.S., MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF PROTEIN SECRETION - THE ROLE OF THE SIGNAL SEQUENCE, ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY 38: 109 (1986).","journal-title":"ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(76)90191-1","volume":"105","year":"1976","unstructured":"CHOTHIA, C, NATURE OF ACCESSIBLE AND BURIED SURFACES IN PROTEINS, JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 105: 1 (1976).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.47.070178.001343","volume":"47","year":"1978","unstructured":"CHOU, P.Y., EMPIRICAL PREDICTIONS OF PROTEIN CONFORMATION, ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOCHEMISTRY 47: 251 (1978).","journal-title":"ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOCHEMISTRY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00699a001","volume":"13","year":"1974","unstructured":"CHOU, P.Y., CONFORMATIONAL PARAMETERS FOR AMINO-ACIDS IN HELICAL, BETA-SHEET, AND RANDOM COIL REGIONS CALCULATED FROM PROTEINS, BIOCHEMISTRY 13: 211 (1974).","journal-title":"BIOCHEMISTRY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00393a035","volume":"103","year":"1981","unstructured":"DEGRADO, W.F., DESIGN, SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A CYTO-TOXIC PEPTIDE WITH MELITTIN-LIKE ACTIVITY, JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 103: 679 (1981).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/318618a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","unstructured":"Doolittle R.F. 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