{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T21:06:27Z","timestamp":1791839187578,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"5426","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,7,16]]},"DOI":"10.1126\/science.285.5426.347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T09:45:50Z","timestamp":1027763150000},"page":"347-348","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":145,"title":["Climate and Health"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"285","author":[{"given":"Paul R.","family":"Epstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The author is associate director of the Center for Health and the Global Environment, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","unstructured":"World Disasters Report 1998 (Oxford Univ. Press New York 1998) p. 198International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (p. [publisher's information]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3367","DOI":"10.1029\/98GL52511","volume":"25","author":"Dai A.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Dai A., Trenberth K.E., Karl T.R., Geophys. Res. Lett.25, 3367 (1998).","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.285.5426.397"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","volume-title":"Extreme Weather Events: The Health and Economic Consequences of the 1997\/98 El Ni\u00f1o and La Ni\u00f1a","author":"Epstein P.R.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Epstein P.R., Ed. Extreme Weather Events: The Health and Economic Consequences of the 1997\/98 El Ni\u00f1o and La Ni\u00f1a (Center for Health and the Global Environment, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 1999)(available at http:\/\/chge2.med.harvard.edu\/enso\/disease.html)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","first-page":"618","volume":"7","author":"Gill C.A.","year":"1920","unstructured":"Gill C.A., Indian J. Med. Res.7, 618 (1920);","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198912073212305","volume":"321","year":"1989","unstructured":"A Leaf, N. Engl. J. Med. 321, 1577 (1989).","journal-title":"A Leaf, N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","volume-title":"Climate Change and Human Health","author":"McMichael A.J.","year":"1996","unstructured":"McMichael A.J., Haines A., Slooff R., Eds. Climate Change and Human Health (World Health Organization, World Meteorological Organization, United Nations Environmental Program, Geneva, 1996);"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0477(1998)079<0409:BAPSOC>2.0.CO;2","volume":"78","author":"Epstein P. R.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Epstein P. R., et al., Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 78, 409 (1998).","journal-title":"Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.281.5380.1152"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_3","first-page":"1","volume":"36","author":"Trenberth K. E.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Trenberth K. E., Clim. Change 36, 1 (1998).","journal-title":"Clim. Change"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.277.5324.364"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0597-78","author":"Karl T. R.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Karl T. R., , Nicholls N., , Gregory J., Sci. Am. (May 1997), p. 78.","journal-title":"Sci. Am."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199404073301401","volume":"330","author":"Duchin J.S.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Duchin J.S., et al., N. Engl. J. Med.330, 949 (1994);","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.85.2.168","volume":"85","author":"Epstein P. R.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Epstein P. R., Am. J. Pub. Health 85, 168 (1995).","journal-title":"Am. J. Pub. Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1038\/20577","volume":"399","author":"Hellin J.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hellin J., Haigh M., Marks F., Nature399, 316 (1999).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","first-page":"59","volume":"357","author":"Bindoff N.L.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bindoff N.L., Church J.A., ibid.357, 59 (1992);","journal-title":"ibid."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_3","first-page":"4851","volume":"369","author":"Parrilla G.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Parrilla G., , Lavin A., , Bryden H., , Garcia M., , Millard R., ibid. 369, 4851 (1994);","journal-title":"ibid."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.1126\/science.266.5193.1947","volume":"266","author":"Travis J.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Travis J., Science 266, 1947 (1994);","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_5","first-page":"1436","volume":"268","author":"Regalado A.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Regalado A., ibid. 268, 1436 (1995).","journal-title":"ibid."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(18)30815-8","volume":"8","author":"Epstein P.R.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Epstein P.R., Am. J. Prev. Med.8, 263 (1992).","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","volume-title":"Emerging Infections: Microbial Threats to Health in the United States","author":"Institute of Medicine","year":"1992","unstructured":"Institute of Medicine, Emerging Infections: Microbial Threats to Health in the United States (National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1992)(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Addressing Emerging Infectious Disease Threats;A Prevention Strategy for the United States (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA, 1994);The World Health Report 1996: Fighting Disease Fostering Development (World Health Organization, Geneva, 1996)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","first-page":"60","volume-title":"Biodiversity and Human Health","author":"Epstein P.R.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Epstein P.R., Dobson A., Vandermeer J., in Biodiversity and Human Health, , Grifo F., Rosenthal J., Eds. (Island Press, Washington, DC, 1997), pp. 60-86([publisher's information];;"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_3","author":"Daily G. C.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Daily G. C., Ed., Nature's Services: Societal Dependence on Natural Ecosystems (Island Press, Washington, DC, 1997) [publisher's information];","journal-title":"Nature's Services: Societal Dependence on Natural Ecosystems"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5423.2098"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_5","first-page":"2153","author":"Wilf P.","unstructured":"Wilf P. and , Labandeira C. C., ibid., p. 2153.","journal-title":"ibid."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00323777","volume":"87","author":"Fajer E.D.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Fajer E.D., Bowers M.D., Bazzaz F.A., Oecologia87, 37 (1991);","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1994.tb04233.x","volume":"49","author":"Emberlin J.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Emberlin J., Allergy 49, 15 (1994);","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_4","unstructured":"Wayne P. W. Foster S. L. Connolly J. Bazzaz F. A. unpublished data."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Techniques for Reducing Pesticide Use","author":"Pimental D.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Pimental D., Ed. in Techniques for Reducing Pesticide Use (Wiley, New York, 1997), pp. 1-11[publisher's information]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","first-page":"101","volume-title":"Climate Change and the Global Harvest","author":"Rosenzweig C.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rosenzweig C., Hillel D., Climate Change and the Global Harvest (Oxford Univ. Press, New York, 1998), pp. 101-122([publisher's information]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)92191-U"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","volume-title":"Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change, Contribution of Working Group I to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change","author":"Houghton J. T.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Houghton J. T., Ed. Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change, Contribution of Working Group I to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1995)et al., Eds. ([publisher's information];"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0921-8181(93)90046-Q"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/383152a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.283.5407.1522"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","volume-title":"Record Year for Weather-Related Disasters, Vital Signs Brief 98-5","author":"Abramovitz J.N.","unstructured":"Abramovitz J.N., Dunn S., Record Year for Weather-Related Disasters, Vital Signs Brief 98-5 (Worldwatch Institute)(www.worldwatch.org\/alerts\/981127.html, Washington, DC, 1998) (available at http:\/\/www.worldwatch.org)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8153621"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5418.1311"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","volume-title":"Making Climate Forecasts Matter","author":"Stern P.C.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Stern P.C., Easterling W.E., Eds. Making Climate Forecasts Matter (National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1999)[publisher's information]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","unstructured":"Mayewski P. personal communication."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1511\/1999.30.320","volume":"87","author":"Taylor K.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Taylor K., Am. Sci.87, 320 (1999)[American Scientist].","journal-title":"Am. Sci."}],"container-title":["Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/full\/10.1126\/science.285.5426.347","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]],"date-time":"2024-01-13T09:58:46Z","timestamp":1705139926000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.285.5426.347"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,7,16]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5426","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,7,16]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/science.285.5426.347"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.285.5426.347","relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-8075","1095-9203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-8075","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-9203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,7,16]]}}}