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Radiolysis of the surface by magnetospheric plasma bombardment continuously cycles sulfur between three forms: sulfuric acid, sulfur dioxide, and sulfur polymers, with sulfuric acid being about 50 times as abundant as the other forms. Enhanced sulfuric acid concentrations are found in Europa's geologically young terrains, suggesting that low-temperature, liquid sulfuric acid may influence geological processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5437.97","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T05:42:20Z","timestamp":1027748540000},"page":"97-99","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":342,"title":["Sulfuric Acid on Europa and the Radiolytic Sulfur Cycle"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"286","author":[{"given":"R. W.","family":"Carlson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. 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The octahydrate and hemihexahydrate structures are (H 5 O 2 ) 2 SO 4 \u00b74H 2 O and (H 7 O 3 )(H 5 O 2 )SO 4 \u00b71.5H 2 O respectively ["},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1515\/znb-1987-1004","volume":"42","author":"Mootz D.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Mootz D., Merschenz-Quack A., Z. Naturforsch. B 42, 1231 (1987)].","journal-title":"Z. Naturforsch. B"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5307","DOI":"10.1021\/jp970607a","volume":"101","author":"Martin S. T.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Martin S. T., et al., J. Phys. Chem. B 101, 5307 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","unstructured":"Samples prepared by rapid freezing are amorphous. Preparation of crystalline samples requires repeated thermal cycling ["},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_3","first-page":"1558","volume":"28","author":"Yaroslavtsev A. B.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Yaroslavtsev A. B., et al., Russ. J. Inorg. 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Measurements were for a D + irradiated film of SO 2 containing 5 \u00d7 10 17 atoms cm \u20132 ."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","unstructured":"D. J. O'Shaughnessy"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1038\/333240a0","volume":"333","author":"Boring J. W.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Boring J. W., Johnson R. E., Nature 333, 240 (1988);","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_4","unstructured":". The number of sulfur atoms implanted and irradiated (as SO 2 + molecules which break up on impact) was 3 \u00d7 10 17 cm \u20132 [see correction by"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/0019-1035(92)90116-O","volume":"100","author":"Sack N. J.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sack N. J., et al., Icarus 100, 534 (1992)].","journal-title":"Icarus"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3552","DOI":"10.1021\/j100856a033","volume":"72","author":"Donaldson G. 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