{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T18:18:22Z","timestamp":1792520302213,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"5458","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,3,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    A type III protein secretion system encoded by\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    pathogenicity island 2 (SPI2) has been found to be required for virulence and survival within macrophages. Here, SPI2 was shown to allow\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella typhimurium<\/jats:italic>\n                    to avoid NADPH oxidase\u2013dependent killing by macrophages. The ability of SPI2-mutant bacteria to survive in macrophages and to cause lethal infection in mice was restored by abrogation of the NADPH oxidase\u2013dependent respiratory burst. Ultrastructural and immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated efficient localization of the NADPH oxidase in the proximity of vacuoles containing SPI2-mutant but not wild-type bacteria, suggesting that SPI2 interferes with trafficking of oxidase-containing vesicles to the phagosome.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5458.1655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T05:39:52Z","timestamp":1027748392000},"page":"1655-1658","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":489,"title":["<i>Salmonella<\/i>\n                    Pathogenicity Island 2-Dependent Evasion of the Phagocyte NADPH Oxidase"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"287","author":[{"given":"Andre\u0301s","family":"Vazquez-Torres","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yisheng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Jones-Carson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Holden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College School of Medicine, London W12 ONN, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott M.","family":"Lucia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary C.","family":"Dinauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Mastroeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College of Medicine and Technology, London SW7 2BZ, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferric C.","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(89)80693-6","volume":"114","author":"Mouy R.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Mouy R., Fischer A., Vilmer E., Seger R., Griscelli C., J Pediatr. 114, 555 (1989);","journal-title":"J Pediatr."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114006","volume":"83","author":"Curnutte J. 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The iNOS inhibitor aminoguanidine (Sigma-Aldrich St. Louis MO) (2.5% w\/v) was added to the drinking water as indicated."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.1995.1040","volume":"316","author":"Wolff D. J.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wolff D. J., Lubeskie A., Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 316, 290 (1995);","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1126\/science.272.5260.414","volume":"272","author":"DeGroote M. A.","year":"1996","unstructured":"DeGroote M. A., Testerman T., Xu Y., Stauffer G., Fang F. C., Science 272, 414 (1996) .","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8456300"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","unstructured":"P. Mastroeni unpublished results."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0295-202","volume":"9","author":"Pollock J. D.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Pollock J. D., et al., Nature Genet. 9, 202 (1995).","journal-title":"Nature Genet."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","unstructured":"Killing of normal mouse serum\u2013opsonized S. typhimurium by periodate-elicited peritoneal macrophages from C57BL\/6 gp91 phox knockout (13) and iNOS knockout ["},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90085-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_4","unstructured":"] mice was estimated as described ["},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13997","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.25.13997","volume":"94","author":"DeGroote M. A.","year":"1997","unstructured":"DeGroote M. A., et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94, 13997 (1997);","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_6","unstructured":"]. In selected experiments 250 \u03bcM N G -monomethyl-L-arginine was used to inhibit nitric oxide synthesis which was confirmed by abrogation of nitrite production assayed with the Griess reagent."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","unstructured":"A. Vazquez-Torres et al. results not shown."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","unstructured":"Disk diffusion susceptibility assays and killing by hydrogen peroxide in liquid medium were assayed as described ["},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6399","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.14.6399","volume":"92","author":"DeGroote M. A.","year":"1995","unstructured":"DeGroote M. A., et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92, 6399 (1995)] (17).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117750","volume":"95","author":"Buchmeier N. A.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Buchmeier N. A., et al., J. Clin. Invest. 95, 1047 (1995).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","unstructured":"Macrophage superoxide production was estimated by the reduction of 12.5 \u03bcM lucigenin (bis- N -methylacridinium) ["},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.4.2015","volume":"273","author":"Li Y.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Li Y., et al., J. Biol. Chem. 273, 2015 (1998);","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_4","unstructured":"] (Sigma-Aldrich) with a Lumistar chemiluminometer (BMG Lab Technologies Durham NC) in Microlite flat-bottom microtiter plates (Dynex Technologies Inc. Chantilly VA) using wild-type or mutant S. typhimurium as stimuli. Macrophages from gp91 phox knockout mice were used as negative controls (data not shown)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","unstructured":"Ultrastructural studies ["},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.67.3.566","volume":"67","author":"Briggs R. 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The cells were fixed in 2% glutaraldehyde in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) postfixed in 1% OsO 4 in PBS dehydrated in graded ethanols and embedded in a Spurr's low viscosity epoxy resin. Counterstaining was performed with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. Ultrathin sections were cut with an LKB ultramicrotome III and examined in a Philips EM201 electron microscope."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","unstructured":"Wild-type or sseB -mutant S. typhimurium expressing GFP were used for fluorescence studies. Macrophages placed onto cover slips were infected with GFP-expressing S. typhimurium strains as above. The cells were fixed after 90 min of infection with 2% paraformaldehyde in PBS washed with 0.1% Tween in PBS incubated with a 3% normal goat serum solution and stained with 5 \u03bcg\/ml of a rabbit anti-p22phox or p47phox polyclonal antibody (gift of P. Heyworth) followed by a rhodamine-conjugated goat anti-rabbit polyclonal antibody (Jackson Immunoresearch Laboratories West Grove PA). After washing the cover slips were mounted with Vectashield (Vector Laboratories Burlingame CA) and examined with an Olympus IX70 inverted microscope a Photometrics PXL camera with Kodak KAF1400 chip and a Silicon Graphic O 2 computer with DeltaVision deconvolution software (Applied Precision Seattle Washington)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114509","volume":"85","author":"Jesaitis A. J.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Jesaitis A. J., et al., J. Clin. Invest. 85, 821 (1990);","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.111.1.81","volume":"111","author":"Kobayashi T.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kobayashi T., Robinson J. M., Seguchi H., J. Cell Sci. 111, 81 (1998);","journal-title":"J. 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Hybertson for the use of a chemiluminometer F. Heffron for the gift of strain CL1509 L. A. Allen for helpful discussions and R. Faust and P. Heyworth for the antibody against p47phox. This work was supported by an NIH postdoctoral fellowship NIH grants AI39557 and AI44486 the James Biundo Foundation and grants from Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council the Wellcome Trust and the Medical Research Council (UK)."}],"container-title":["Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/science.287.5458.1655","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]],"date-time":"2024-01-13T05:43:39Z","timestamp":1705124619000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.287.5458.1655"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,3,3]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5458","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,3,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/science.287.5458.1655"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.287.5458.1655","relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-8075","1095-9203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-8075","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-9203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,3,3]]}}}