{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T02:58:03Z","timestamp":1777517883647,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"4843","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,2,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The inheritance of particular alleles of major histocompatibility complex class II genes increases the risk for various human autoimmune diseases; however, only a small percentage of individuals having an allele associated with susceptibility develop disease. The identification of allelic variants more precisely correlated with disease susceptibility would greatly facilitate clinical screening and diagnosis. Oligonucleotide-primed gene amplification in vitro was used to determine the nucleotide sequence of a class II variant found almost exclusively in patients with the autoimmune skin disease pemphigus vulgaris. In addition to clinical implications, the disease-restricted distribution of this variant should provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying associations between diseases and HLA-class II genes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2894075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,5]],"date-time":"2006-10-05T21:21:15Z","timestamp":1160083275000},"page":"1026-1029","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":182,"title":["A Newly Characterized HLA DQ\n            <sub>\u03b2<\/sub>\n            Allele Associated with Pemphigus Vulgaris"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"239","author":[{"given":"Animesh A.","family":"Sinha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chaim","family":"Brautbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fanny","family":"Szafer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Friedmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eli","family":"Tzfoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Todd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lawrence","family":"Steinman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hugh O.","family":"McDevitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","first-page":"13","year":"1983","unstructured":"Ahmed, A. R., Clinics in Dermatology: Pemphigus Vulgaris: 13 (1983).","journal-title":"Clinics in Dermatology: Pemphigus Vulgaris"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.139.2.562","volume":"139","year":"1987","unstructured":"BELL, J.I., MOLECULAR MAPPING OF CLASS-II POLYMORPHISMS IN THE HUMAN MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX .1. DR-BETA, JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 139: 562 (1987).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"3405","volume":"82","year":"1985","unstructured":"BELL, J.I., DNA-SEQUENCE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HUMAN CLASS-II MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX BETA-CHAINS FROM THE DR1 HAPLOTYPE, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 82: 3405 (1985).","journal-title":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"73","volume":"24","year":"1984","unstructured":"BODMER, W.F., TISSUE ANTIGENS 24: 73 (1984).","journal-title":"TISSUE ANTIGENS"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2435001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/0198-8859(87)90025-5","volume":"20","year":"1987","unstructured":"CARLSSON, B, HLA-DR-DQ HAPLOTYPES DEFINED BY RESTRICTION FRAGMENT ANALYSIS - CORRELATION TO SEROLOGY, HUMAN IMMUNOLOGY 20: 95 (1987).","journal-title":"HUMAN IMMUNOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00372239","volume":"21","year":"1985","unstructured":"CHRISTADOSS, P, MUTATION AT I-A BETA-CHAIN PREVENTS EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE MYASTHENIA-GRAVIS, IMMUNOGENETICS 21: 33 (1985).","journal-title":"IMMUNOGENETICS"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"3335","volume":"82","year":"1985","unstructured":"COHENHAGUENAUER, O, A SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF HLA CLASS-II-BETA DNA RESTRICTION FRAGMENTS IN INSULIN-DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 82: 3335 (1985).","journal-title":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"1757","volume":"11","year":"1979","unstructured":"DUQUESNOY, R.J., IDENTIFICATION OF AN HLA-DR-ASSOCIATED SYSTEM OF B-CELL ALLOANTIGENS, TRANSPLANTATION PROCEEDINGS 11: 1757 (1979).","journal-title":"TRANSPLANTATION PROCEEDINGS"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1986.tb20853.x","volume":"475","year":"1986","unstructured":"FATHMAN, C.G., GENE CONVERSION - A MECHANISM TO EXPLAIN HLA-D REGION AND DISEASE ASSOCIATION, ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 475: 24 (1986).","journal-title":"ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112358","volume":"77","year":"1986","unstructured":"GORONZY, J, SHARED T-CELL RECOGNITION SITES ON HUMAN HISTOCOMPATIBILITY LEUKOCYTE ANTIGEN CLASS-II MOLECULES OF PATIENTS WITH SEROPOSITIVE RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS, JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION 77: 1042 (1986).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1038\/322067a0","volume":"322","year":"1986","unstructured":"GORSKI, J, POLYMORPHISM OF HUMAN IA ANTIGENS - GENE CONVERSION BETWEEN 2 DR-BETA LOCI RESULTS IN A NEW HLA-D\/DR SPECIFICITY, NATURE 322: 67 (1986).","journal-title":"NATURE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"2642","volume":"83","year":"1986","unstructured":"GREGERSEN, P.K., MOLECULAR DIVERSITY OF HLA-DR4 HAPLOTYPES, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 83: 2642 (1986).","journal-title":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(83)90230-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2433769"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00365903","volume":"26","year":"1987","unstructured":"ISHIKAWA, N, DETECTION OF A NOVEL HLA-DQ SPECIFICITY - SEROLOGICAL AND IMMUNOCHEMICAL ANALYSES BY A MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY, IMMUNOGENETICS 26: 143 (1987).","journal-title":"IMMUNOGENETICS"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(87)90568-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(84)90068-0","volume":"36","year":"1984","unstructured":"KAUFMAN, J.F., THE CLASS-II MOLECULES OF THE HUMAN AND MURINE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX, CELL 36: 1 (1984).","journal-title":"CELL"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","first-page":"7313","volume":"80","year":"1983","unstructured":"LARHAMMAR, D, EXON INTRON ORGANIZATION AND COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE OF A HUMAN MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGEN DC-BETA GENE, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 80: 7313 (1983).","journal-title":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00345459","volume":"26","year":"1987","unstructured":"LEE, BSM, STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL VARIABILITY AMONG DQ-BETA ALLELES OF DR2 SUBTYPES, IMMUNOGENETICS 26: 85 (1987).","journal-title":"IMMUNOGENETICS"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","first-page":"6406","volume":"78","year":"1981","unstructured":"LIN, CCS, SELECTIVE LOSS OF ANTIGEN-SPECIFIC IR GENE-FUNCTION IN IA MUTANT B6.C-H-2BM12 IS AN ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELL DEFECT, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 78: 6406 (1981).","journal-title":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/319672a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","first-page":"5900","volume":"82","year":"1985","unstructured":"LONGO, D.L., BONE MARROW-DERIVED THYMIC ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS DETERMINE SELF-RECOGNITION OF IA-RESTRICTED LYMPHOCYTES-T, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 82: 5900 (1985).","journal-title":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.03.040185.002055","volume":"3","year":"1985","unstructured":"MENGLEGAW, L, GENETICS AND EXPRESSION OF MOUSE IA ANTIGENS, ANNUAL REVIEW OF IMMUNOLOGY 3: 367 (1985).","journal-title":"ANNUAL REVIEW OF IMMUNOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.160.4.1184","volume":"160","year":"1984","unstructured":"MENGLEGAW, L, GENE CONVERSION BETWEEN MURINE CLASS-II MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX LOCI - FUNCTIONAL AND MOLECULAR EVIDENCE FROM THE BM12 MUTANT, JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE 160: 1184 (1984).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.153.2.464","volume":"153","year":"1981","unstructured":"MICHAELIDES, M, IR GENE-FUNCTION IN AN I-A SUBREGION MUTANT B6.C-H-2BM12, JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE 153: 464 (1981).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1038\/303815a0","volume":"303","year":"1983","unstructured":"OWERBACH, D, HLA-D REGION BETA-CHAIN DNA ENDONUCLEASE FRAGMENTS DIFFER BETWEEN HLA-DR IDENTICAL HEALTHY AND INSULIN-DEPENDENT DIABETIC INDIVIDUALS, NATURE 303: 815 (1983).","journal-title":"NATURE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00373820","volume":"23","year":"1986","unstructured":"ROSENSHINE, S, DQ-ALPHA AND DQ-BETA RFLP REVEALS THE COMPOSITION OF THE DQ MOLECULE RECOGNIZED BY T-CELL CLONES, IMMUNOGENETICS 23: 187 (1986).","journal-title":"IMMUNOGENETICS"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1038\/324163a0","volume":"324","year":"1986","unstructured":"SAIKI, R.K., ANALYSIS OF ENZYMATICALLY AMPLIFIED BETA-GLOBIN AND HLA-DQ-ALPHA DNA WITH ALLELE-SPECIFIC OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES, NATURE 324: 163 (1986).","journal-title":"NATURE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1984.tb01826.x","volume":"3","year":"1984","unstructured":"SCHENNING, L, BOTH ALPHA-CHAINS AND BETA-CHAINS OF HLA-DC CLASS-II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS DISPLAY EXTENSIVE POLYMORPHISM IN THEIR AMINO-TERMINAL DOMAINS, EMBO JOURNAL 3: 447 (1984).","journal-title":"EMBO JOURNAL"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.164.3.938","volume":"164","year":"1986","unstructured":"SCHREUDER, GMT, HLA-DQ POLYMORPHISM ASSOCIATED WITH RESISTANCE TO TYPE-I DIABETES DETECTED WITH MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES, ISOELECTRIC POINT DIFFERENCES, AND RESTRICTION-FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM, JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE 164: 938 (1986).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00345970","volume":"18","year":"1983","unstructured":"SHACKELFORD, D.A., STRUCTURAL POLYMORPHISM OF THE DC1 LIGHT-CHAINS FROM DR1-POSTIVE, DR2-POSTIVE, AND DRW6-POSTIVE CELL-LINES, IMMUNOGENETICS 18: 625 (1983).","journal-title":"IMMUNOGENETICS"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","first-page":"32","year":"1986","unstructured":"Silver, J., HLA Class II Antigens: 32 (1986).","journal-title":"HLA Class II Antigens"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.03.040185.000511","volume":"3","year":"1985","unstructured":"SINGER, K.H., PATHOGENESIS OF AUTOIMMUNITY IN PEMPHIGUS, ANNUAL REVIEW OF IMMUNOLOGY 3: 87 (1985).","journal-title":"ANNUAL REVIEW OF IMMUNOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110615","volume":"70","year":"1982","unstructured":"STANLEY, J.R., PEMPHIGUS ANTIBODIES IDENTIFY A CELL-SURFACE GLYCOPROTEIN SYNTHESIZED BY HUMAN AND MOUSE KERATINOCYTES, JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION 70: 281 (1982).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1983.tb00715.x","volume":"70","year":"1983","unstructured":"SVEJGAARD, A, HLA AND DISEASE 1982 - A SURVEY, IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS 70: 193 (1983).","journal-title":"IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","first-page":"6542","volume":"84","year":"1987","unstructured":"SZAFER, F, DETECTION OF DISEASE-SPECIFIC RESTRICTION-FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS IN PEMPHIGUS VULGARIS LINKED TO THE DQW1 AND DQW3 ALLELES OF THE HLA-D REGION, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 84: 6542 (1987).","journal-title":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/329599a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(86)90065-4","volume":"7","year":"1986","unstructured":"TRUCCO, M, POLYMORPHISMS OF THE HLA-DQ SUBREGION, IMMUNOLOGY TODAY 7: 297 (1986).","journal-title":"IMMUNOLOGY TODAY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00346523","volume":"26","year":"1987","unstructured":"TURCO, E, ALLELIC FORMS OF THE ALPHA-CHAIN AND BETA-CHAIN GENES ENCODING DQW1-POSITIVE HETERODIMERS, IMMUNOGENETICS 26: 282 (1987).","journal-title":"IMMUNOGENETICS"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2437650"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8561","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/13.23.8561","volume":"13","year":"1985","unstructured":"WAYE, MMY, ECOK SELECTION VECTORS FOR SHOTGUN CLONING INTO M13 AND DELETION MUTAGENESIS, NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH 13: 8561 (1985).","journal-title":"NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH"}],"container-title":["Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/science.2894075","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]],"date-time":"2024-01-13T10:26:02Z","timestamp":1705141562000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.2894075"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1988,2,26]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4843","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,2,26]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/science.2894075"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.2894075","relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-8075","1095-9203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-8075","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-9203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1988,2,26]]}}}