{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T22:11:18Z","timestamp":1792707078824,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"4845","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,3,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies. The role of sand fly saliva in transmission of the disease was investigated by injecting mice with\n            <jats:italic>Leishmania major<\/jats:italic>\n            parasites in the presence of homogenized salivary glands from\n            <jats:italic>Lutzomyia longipalpis<\/jats:italic>\n            . This procedure resulted in cutaneous lesions of\n            <jats:italic>Leishmania major<\/jats:italic>\n            that were routinely five to ten times as large and contained as much as 5000 times as many parasites as controls. With inocula consisting of low numbers of\n            <jats:italic>Leishmania major<\/jats:italic>\n            , parasites were detected at the site of injection only when the inoculum also contained salivary gland material. This enhancing effect of sand fly salivary glands on cutaneous leishmaniasis occurred with as little as 10 percent of the contents of one salivary gland of one fly. Material obtained from other bloodsucking arthropods could not mediate the phenomenon.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3344436","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,5]],"date-time":"2006-10-05T21:21:15Z","timestamp":1160083275000},"page":"1306-1308","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":369,"title":["Salivary Gland Lysates from the Sand Fly\n            <i>Lutzomyia longipalpis<\/i>\n            Enhance\n            <i>Leishmania<\/i>\n            Infectivity"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"239","author":[{"given":"Richard G.","family":"Titus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 M. C.","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tropical Public Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(79)90057-2","volume":"48","year":"1979","unstructured":"BEHIN, R, LEISHMANIA-TROPICA - PATHOGENICITY AND INVITRO MACROPHAGE FUNCTION IN STRAINS OF INBRED MICE, EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY 48: 81 (1979).","journal-title":"EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.1979.2","volume":"57","year":"1979","unstructured":"HANDMAN, E, MURINE CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS - DISEASE PATTERNS IN INTACT AND NUDE-MICE OF VARIOUS GENOTYPES AND EXAMINATION OF SOME DIFFERENCES BETWEEN NORMAL AND INFECTED MACROPHAGES, AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICAL SCIENCE 57: 9 (1979).","journal-title":"AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICAL SCIENCE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"Markell E. K. Medical Parasitology (1971)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/20.5.568","volume":"20","year":"1983","unstructured":"MODI, G.B., A SIMPLE TECHNIQUE FOR MASS REARING LUTZOMYIA-LONGIPALPIS AND PHLEBOTOMUS-PAPATASI (DIPTERA, PSYCHODIDAE) IN THE LABORATORY, JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 20: 568 (1983).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.en.32.010187.002335","volume":"32","year":"1987","unstructured":"RIBEIRO, JMC, ROLE OF SALIVA IN BLOOD-FEEDING BY ARTHROPODS, ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 32: 463 (1987).","journal-title":"ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9629(86)90709-7","volume":"83","year":"1986","unstructured":"RIBEIRO, JMC, BLOOD-FINDING STRATEGY OF A CAPILLARY-FEEDING SANDFLY, LUTZOMYIA-LONGIPALPIS, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-PHYSIOLOGY 83: 683 (1986).","journal-title":"COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-PHYSIOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-0491(84)90081-6","volume":"79","year":"1984","unstructured":"RIBEIRO, JMC, SALIVARY APYRASE OF AEDES-AEGYPTI - CHARACTERIZATION AND SECRETORY FATE, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 79: 81 (1984).","journal-title":"COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1910(80)90138-9","volume":"26","year":"1980","unstructured":"RIBEIRO, JMC, THE SALIVARY AND CROP APYRASE ACTIVITY OF RHODNIUS-PROLIXUS, JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 26: 303 (1980).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6701528"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2108","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.135.3.2108","volume":"135","year":"1985","unstructured":"TITUS, R.G., THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF ANTI-L3T4 MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY GK1.5 ON CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS IN GENETICALLY-SUSCEPTIBLE BALB\/C MICE, JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 135: 2108 (1985).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1985.tb00098.x","volume":"7","year":"1985","unstructured":"TITUS, R.G., A LIMITING DILUTION ASSAY FOR QUANTIFYING LEISHMANIA-MAJOR IN TISSUES OF INFECTED MICE, PARASITE IMMUNOLOGY 7: 545 (1985).","journal-title":"PARASITE IMMUNOLOGY"}],"container-title":["Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/science.3344436","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,14]],"date-time":"2024-01-14T03:58:55Z","timestamp":1705204735000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.3344436"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1988,3,11]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4845","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,3,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/science.3344436"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.3344436","relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-8075","1095-9203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-8075","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-9203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1988,3,11]]}}}