{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T20:05:17Z","timestamp":1792008317806,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"4786","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1987,1,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Bright light can suppress nighttime melatonin production in humans, but ordinary indoor light does not have this effect. This finding suggested that bright light may have other chronobiologic effects in humans as well. Eight patients who regularly became depressed in the winter (as day length shortens) significantly improved after 1 week of exposure to bright light in the morning (but not after 1 week of bright light in the evening). The antidepressant response to morning light was accompanied by an advance (shift to an earlier time) in the onset of nighttime melatonin production. These results suggest that timing may be critical for the antidepressant effects of bright light.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3798117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,5]],"date-time":"2006-10-05T20:28:58Z","timestamp":1160080138000},"page":"352-354","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":574,"title":["Antidepressant and Circadian Phase-Shifting Effects of Light"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"235","author":[{"given":"Alfred J.","family":"Lewy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep and Mood Disorders, Laboratory, Departments of Psychiatry, Ophthalmology, and Pharmacology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR 97201."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert L.","family":"Sack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep and Mood Disorders, Laboratory, Departments of Psychiatry, Ophthalmology, and Pharmacology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR 97201."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. Stephen","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep and Mood Disorders, Laboratory, Departments of Psychiatry, Ophthalmology, and Pharmacology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR 97201."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tana M.","family":"Hoban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep and Mood Disorders, Laboratory, Departments of Psychiatry, Ophthalmology, and Pharmacology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR 97201."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","first-page":"95","year":"1965","unstructured":"Aschoff, J., Circadian Clocks: 95 (1965).","journal-title":"Circadian Clocks"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/4.1.1","volume":"4","year":"1981","unstructured":"CZEISLER, C.A., CHRONOTHERAPY - RESETTING THE CIRCADIAN CLOCKS OF PATIENTS WITH DELAYED SLEEP PHASE INSOMNIA, SLEEP 4: 1 (1981).","journal-title":"SLEEP"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"R161","volume":"246","year":"1984","unstructured":"DAAN, S, TIMING OF HUMAN SLEEP - RECOVERY PROCESS GATED BY A CIRCADIAN PACEMAKER, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 246: R161 (1984).","journal-title":"AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01417857","volume":"106","year":"1976","unstructured":"DAAN, S, FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS OF CIRCADIAN PACEMAKERS IN NOCTURNAL RODENTS .2. VARIABILITY OF PHASE RESPONSE CURVES, JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 106: 253 (1976).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"566","volume":"20","year":"1984","unstructured":"DAAN, S, SCHEDULED EXPOSURE TO DAYLIGHT - A POTENTIAL STRATEGY TO REDUCE JET LAG FOLLOWING TRANSMERIDIAN FLIGHT, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY BULLETIN 20: 566 (1984).","journal-title":"PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY BULLETIN"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.131.3392.33"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"81","year":"1984","unstructured":"Eastman, C. I., Mathematical Models of the Circadian Sleep-Wake Cycle: 81 (1984).","journal-title":"Mathematical Models of the Circadian Sleep-Wake Cycle"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"2339","volume":"35","year":"1976","unstructured":"ELLIOTT, J.A., CIRCADIAN-RHYTHMS AND PHOTOPERIODIC TIME MEASUREMENT IN MAMMALS, FEDERATION PROCEEDINGS 35: 2339 (1976).","journal-title":"FEDERATION PROCEEDINGS"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1972.01750190059011","volume":"26","year":"1972","unstructured":"FEIGHNER, J.P., DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR USE IN PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH, ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY 26: 57 (1972).","journal-title":"ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.1.56","volume":"23","year":"1960","unstructured":"HAMILTON, M, A RATING SCALE FOR DEPRESSION, JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY 23: 56 (1960).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"201","volume":"72","year":"1969","unstructured":"HAMILTON, M, STANDARDISED ASSESSMENT AND RECORDING OF DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS, PSYCHIATRIA NEUROLOGIA NEUROCHIRURGIA 72: 201 (1969).","journal-title":"PSYCHIATRIA NEUROLOGIA NEUROCHIRURGIA"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"328","year":"1985","unstructured":"Hellekson, C. J., Proceedings of the Fourth World Congress of Biological Psychiatry: 328 (1985).","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Fourth World Congress of Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"R274","volume":"249","year":"1985","unstructured":"HOBAN, T.M., LIGHT EFFECTS ON CIRCADIAN TIMING SYSTEM OF A DIURNAL PRIMATE, THE SQUIRREL-MONKEY, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 249: R274 (1985).","journal-title":"AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00612819","volume":"145","year":"1982","unstructured":"ILLNEROVA, H, 2-OSCILLATOR STRUCTURE OF THE PACEMAKER CONTROLLING THE CIRCADIAN-RHYTHM OF N-ACETYLTRANSFERASE IN THE RAT PINEAL-GLAND, JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 145: 539 (1982).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.147.4.424","volume":"147","year":"1985","unstructured":"JAMES, S.P., TREATMENT OF SEASONAL AFFECTIVE-DISORDER WITH LIGHT IN THE EVENING, BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 147: 424 (1985).","journal-title":"BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","first-page":"335","volume":"13","year":"1978","unstructured":"KRIPKE, D.F., CIRCADIAN-RHYTHM DISORDERS IN MANIC-DEPRESSIVES, BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY 13: 335 (1978).","journal-title":"BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","first-page":"R3","volume":"242","year":"1982","unstructured":"KRONAUER, R.E., MATHEMATICAL-MODEL OF THE HUMAN CIRCADIAN SYSTEM WITH 2 INTERACTING OSCILLATORS, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 242: R3 (1982).","journal-title":"AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.139.11.1496","volume":"139","year":"1982","unstructured":"LEWY, A.J., BRIGHT ARTIFICIAL-LIGHT TREATMENT OF A MANIC-DEPRESSIVE PATIENT WITH A SEASONAL MOOD CYCLE, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 139: 1496 (1982).","journal-title":"AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1985.tb11815.x","volume":"453","year":"1985","unstructured":"LEWY, A.J., IMMEDIATE AND DELAYED-EFFECTS OF BRIGHT LIGHT ON HUMAN MELATONIN PRODUCTION - SHIFTING DAWN AND DUSK SHIFTS THE DIM LIGHT MELATONIN ONSET (DLMO), ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 453: 253 (1985).","journal-title":"ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","first-page":"215","year":"1984","unstructured":"Lewy, A. J., Neurobiology of Mood Disorders: 215 (1984).","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Mood Disorders"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-183-42380A","volume":"183","year":"1986","unstructured":"LEWY, A.J., LIGHT THERAPY AND PSYCHIATRY, PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 183: 11 (1986).","journal-title":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","first-page":"523","volume":"19","year":"1983","unstructured":"LEWY, A.J., THE USE OF BRIGHT LIGHT IN THE TREATMENT OF CHRONOBIOLOGIC SLEEP AND MOOD DISORDERS - THE PHASE-RESPONSE CURVE, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY BULLETIN 19: 523 (1983).","journal-title":"PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY BULLETIN"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","first-page":"561","volume":"20","year":"1984","unstructured":"LEWY, A.J., ASSESSMENT AND TREATMENT OF CHRONOBIOLOGIC DISORDERS USING PLASMA MELATONIN LEVELS AND BRIGHT LIGHT EXPOSURE - THE CLOCK-GATE MODEL AND THE PHASE RESPONSE CURVE, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY BULLETIN 20: 561 (1984).","journal-title":"PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY BULLETIN"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","first-page":"368","volume":"21","year":"1985","unstructured":"LEWY, A.J., TREATING PHASE TYPED CHRONOBIOLOGIC SLEEP AND MOOD DISORDERS USING APPROPRIATELY TIMED BRIGHT ARTIFICIAL-LIGHT, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY BULLETIN 21: 368 (1985).","journal-title":"PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY BULLETIN"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.675255"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7434030"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","first-page":"30","year":"1985","unstructured":"Mendelson, W. B., Proceedings of the Fourth World Congress of Biological Psychiatry: 30 (1985).","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Fourth World Congress of Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","first-page":"381","volume":"43","year":"1975","unstructured":"PAPOUSEK, M, CHRONOBIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF CYCLOTHYMIA, FORTSCHRITTE DER NEUROLOGIE PSYCHIATRIE 43: 381 (1975).","journal-title":"FORTSCHRITTE DER NEUROLOGIE PSYCHIATRIE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.142.2.163","volume":"142","year":"1985","unstructured":"ROSENTHAL, N.E., ANTIDEPRESSANT EFFECTS OF LIGHT IN SEASONAL AFFECTIVE-DISORDER, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 142: 163 (1985).","journal-title":"AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1984.01790120076010","volume":"41","year":"1984","unstructured":"ROSENTHAL, N.E., SEASONAL AFFECTIVE-DISORDER - A DESCRIPTION OF THE SYNDROME AND PRELIMINARY FINDINGS WITH LIGHT THERAPY, ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY 41: 72 (1984).","journal-title":"ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","first-page":"327","year":"1985","unstructured":"Rosenthal, N. E., Proceedings of the Fourth World Congress of Biological Psychiatry: 327 (1985).","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Fourth World Congress of Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(81)90137-8","volume":"110","year":"1981","unstructured":"TETSUO, M, QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS OF 6-HYDROXYMELATONIN IN HUMAN-URINE BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-NEGATIVE CHEMICAL IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY, ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 110: 208 (1981).","journal-title":"ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1985.tb11796.x","volume":"453","year":"1985","unstructured":"THORINGTON, L, SPECTRAL, IRRADIANCE, AND TEMPORAL ASPECTS OF NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL-LIGHT, ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 453: 28 (1985).","journal-title":"ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1986.01800090060008","volume":"43","year":"1986","unstructured":"WEHR, T.A., PHOTOTHERAPY OF SEASONAL AFFECTIVE-DISORDER - TIME OF DAY AND SUPPRESSION OF MELATONIN ARE NOT CRITICAL FOR ANTIDEPRESSANT EFFECTS, ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY 43: 870 (1986).","journal-title":"ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.227056"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wever R. The Circadian System of Man (1979).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-6142-1"}],"container-title":["Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/science.3798117","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,14]],"date-time":"2024-01-14T10:04:09Z","timestamp":1705226649000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.3798117"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1987,1,16]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4786","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1987,1,16]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/science.3798117"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.3798117","relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-8075","1095-9203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-8075","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-9203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1987,1,16]]}}}