{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T09:55:25Z","timestamp":1789811725306,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"4695","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,4,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The thyroid glands of patients with autoimmune diseases such as Graves' disease and certain forms of goiter contain infiltrating activated T lymphocytes and, unlike cells of normal glands, the epithelial follicular cells strongly express histocompatibility antigens of the HLA-DR type. In a study of such autoimmune disorders, the infiltrating T cells from the thyroid glands of two patients with Graves' disease were cloned in mitogen-free interleukin-2 (T-cell growth factor). The clones were expanded and their specificity was tested. Three types of clones were found. One group, of T4 phenotype, specifically recognized autologous thyroid cells. Another, also of T4 phenotype, recognized autologous thyroid or blood cells and thus responded positively in the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction. Other clones derived from cells that were activated in vivo were of no known specificity. These clones provide a model of a human autoimmune disease and their analysis should clarify mechanisms of pathogenesis and provide clues to abrogating these undesirable immune responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3871967","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,5]],"date-time":"2006-10-05T19:42:50Z","timestamp":1160077370000},"page":"85-89","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":232,"title":["Human T-Cell Clones from Autoimmune Thyroid Glands: Specific Recognition of Autologous Thyroid Cells"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"228","author":[{"given":"Marco","family":"Londei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. Franco","family":"Bottazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Feldmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","first-page":"29","volume":"5","year":"1984","unstructured":"BECKMAN, I, IMMUNOLOGY TODAY 5: 29 (1984).","journal-title":"IMMUNOLOGY TODAY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830110412","volume":"11","year":"1981","unstructured":"BEVERLEY, PCL, DISTINCTIVE FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES-T DEFINED BY E-ROSETTING OR A MONOCLONAL ANTI-T-CELL ANTIBODY, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 11: 329 (1981).","journal-title":"EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.156.4.1065","volume":"156","year":"1982","unstructured":"BIDDISON, W.E., POSSIBLE INVOLVEMENT OF THE OKT4 MOLECULE IN T-CELL RECOGNITION OF CLASS-II HLA ANTIGENS - EVIDENCE FROM STUDIES OF CYTO-TOXIC LYMPHOCYTES-T SPECIFIC FOR SB ANTIGENS, JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE 156: 1065 (1982).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"1115","volume":"2","year":"1983","unstructured":"BOTTAZZO, G.F., ROLE OF ABERRANT HLA-DR EXPRESSION AND ANTIGEN PRESENTATION IN INDUCTION OF ENDOCRINE AUTOIMMUNITY, LANCET 2: 1115 (1983).","journal-title":"LANCET"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1979.tb00288.x","volume":"47","year":"1979","unstructured":"BRODSKY, F.M., IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS 47: 3 (1979).","journal-title":"IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.158.6.1895","volume":"158","year":"1983","unstructured":"CANTRELL, D.A., TRANSIENT EXPRESSION OF INTERLEUKIN-2 RECEPTORS - CONSEQUENCES FOR T-CELL GROWTH, JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE 158: 1895 (1983).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.me.34.020183.001411","volume":"34","year":"1983","unstructured":"CHOPRA, I.J., PATHOGENESIS OF HYPERTHYROIDISM, ANNUAL REVIEW OF MEDICINE 34: 267 (1983).","journal-title":"ANNUAL REVIEW OF MEDICINE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(83)90032-4","volume":"4","year":"1983","unstructured":"COHEN, I.R., VACCINATION AGAINST AUTOIMMUNE-DISEASE WITH LINES OF AUTOIMMUNE LYMPHOCYTES-T, IMMUNOLOGY TODAY 4: 227 (1983).","journal-title":"IMMUNOLOGY TODAY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(83)90006-3","volume":"4","year":"1983","unstructured":"COOKE, A, MECHANISMS OF AUTOIMMUNITY - A ROLE FOR CROSS-REACTIVE IDIOTYPES, IMMUNOLOGY TODAY 4: 170 (1983).","journal-title":"IMMUNOLOGY TODAY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"25","year":"1980","unstructured":"Doniach, D., Autoimmune Aspects of Endocrine Disorders: 25 (1980).","journal-title":"Autoimmune Aspects of Endocrine Disorders"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"903","year":"1983","unstructured":"Doniach, D., Clinical Aspects of Immunology: 903 (1983).","journal-title":"Clinical Aspects of Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"287","volume":"2","year":"1980","unstructured":"DREXHAGE, H.A., EVIDENCE FOR THYROID-GROWTH-STIMULATING IMMUNOGLOBULINS IN SOME GOITROUS THYROID-DISEASES, LANCET 2: 287 (1980).","journal-title":"LANCET"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1038\/289594a0","volume":"289","year":"1981","unstructured":"DREXHAGE, H.A., THYROID GROWTH-BLOCKING ANTIBODIES IN PRIMARY MYXEDEMA, NATURE 289: 594 (1981).","journal-title":"NATURE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","unstructured":"Feldman M. 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