{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T11:47:08Z","timestamp":1791460028802,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"4723","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,10,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Clinical studies have suggested that excess dietary iodine promotes autoimmune thyroiditis; however, the lack of a suitable animal model has hampered investigation of the phenomenon. In this study, different amounts of potassium iodide were added to the diets of chicken strains known to be genetically susceptible to autoimmune thyroiditis. Administration of iodine during the first 10 weeks of life increased the incidence of the disease, as determined by histology and the measurement of autoantibodies to triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and thyroglobulin. Further support for the relation between iodine and autoimmune thyroiditis was provided by an experiment in which iodine-deficient regimens decreased the incidence of thyroid autoantibodies in a highly susceptible strain. These results suggest that excessive consumption of iodine in the United States may be responsible for the increased incidence of autoimmune thyroiditis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.4048936","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,5]],"date-time":"2006-10-05T19:42:50Z","timestamp":1160077370000},"page":"325-327","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":135,"title":["Induction of Autoimmune Thyroiditis in Chickens by Dietary Iodine"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"230","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"Bagchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. R.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Urdanivia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. S.","family":"Sundick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Endocrinology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.813871","volume":"38","year":"1981","unstructured":"BARSANO, C.P., ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS ALTERING THYROID-FUNCTION AND THEIR ASSESSMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 38: 71 (1981).","journal-title":"ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"145","volume":"3","year":"1969","unstructured":"BEIERWALTES, W.H., BULLETIN OF THE ALL INDIA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 3: 145 (1969).","journal-title":"BULLETIN OF THE ALL INDIA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2795(75)90285-8","volume":"386","year":"1975","unstructured":"BERG, G, ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY OF LOW IODINATED THYROGLOBULIN MOLECULES, BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 386: 422 (1975).","journal-title":"BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-57-4-859","volume":"57","year":"1983","unstructured":"BOUKIS, M.A., THYROID-HORMONE AND IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES IN ENDEMIC GOITER, JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 57: 859 (1983).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3845","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.134.6.3845","volume":"134","year":"1985","unstructured":"BROWN, T.R., ANALYSIS OF TRIIODOTHYRONINE AND THYROXINE-BINDING AUTOANTIBODIES IN CHICKENS SUSCEPTIBLE TO AUTOIMMUNE-THYROIDITIS, JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 134: 3845 (1985).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2070471","volume":"207","year":"1982","unstructured":"BYFIELD, PGH, RESTRICTED ANTIGENICITY OF THYROXYLS IN HUMAN THYROGLOBULIN, BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 207: 471 (1982).","journal-title":"BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"1590","volume":"13","year":"1964","unstructured":"FOLLIS, R.H., FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THYROIDITIS + COLLOID ACCUMULATION IN HYPERPLASTIC THYROID GLANDS OF HAMSTERS RECEIVING EXCESS IODINE, LABORATORY INVESTIGATION 13: 1590 (1964).","journal-title":"LABORATORY INVESTIGATION"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-102-25273","volume":"102","year":"1959","unstructured":"FOLLIS, R.H., THYROIDITIS RESULTING FROM ADMINISTRATION OF EXCESS IODINE TO HAMSTERS WITH HYPERPLASTIC GOITERS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 102: 425 (1959).","journal-title":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"123","year":"1981","unstructured":"GLANTZ, S.A., PRIMER BIOSTATISTICS: 123 (1981).","journal-title":"PRIMER BIOSTATISTICS"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"285","volume":"1","year":"1966","unstructured":"HALL, R, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY 1: 285 (1966).","journal-title":"CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"1111","volume":"2","year":"1983","unstructured":"HANAFUSA, T, ABERRANT EXPRESSION OF HLA-DR ANTIGEN ON THYROCYTES IN GRAVES-DISEASE - RELEVANCE FOR AUTOIMMUNITY, LANCET 2: 1111 (1983).","journal-title":"LANCET"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-83-4-816","volume":"83","year":"1968","unstructured":"INOUE, K, SEDIMENTATION PATTERN OF SOLUBLE PROTEIN FROM THYROIDS OF IODINE DEFICIENT RATS - ACUTE EFFECTS OF IODIDE, ENDOCRINOLOGY 83: 816 (1968).","journal-title":"ENDOCRINOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(78)90013-2","volume":"10","year":"1978","unstructured":"JAROSZEWSKI, J, EFFECTS OF ANTISERUM CONTAINING THYROGLOBULIN ANTIBODY ON CHICKEN THYROID-GLAND, CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY 10: 95 (1978).","journal-title":"CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03348380","volume":"7","year":"1984","unstructured":"LISSITZKY, S, THYROGLOBULIN ENTERING INTO MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY, JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION 7: 65 (1984).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.127.4.1469","volume":"127","year":"1981","unstructured":"LIVEZEY, M.D., SPONTANEOUS AUTOIMMUNE-THYROIDITIS IN CHICKENS .2. EVIDENCE FOR AUTO-RESPONSIVE THYMOCYTES, JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 127: 1469 (1981).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.107.4.997","volume":"107","year":"1971","unstructured":"NILSSON, L.A., SPONTANEOUS THYROIDITIS IN OBESE STRAIN OF CHICKENS .6. THYROXINE-BINDING ANTIBODIES, JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 107: 997 (1971).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","unstructured":"NORUSIS M.J. SPSS INTRO GUIDE (1982)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","first-page":"127","volume":"18","year":"1974","unstructured":"SUNDICK, R.S., INCREASED I-131 UPTAKE BY THYROID-GLANDS OF OBESE STRAIN (OS) CHICKENS DERIVED FROM NON-PROTAMONE-SUPPLEMENTED HENS, CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY 18: 127 (1974).","journal-title":"CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-105-2-493","volume":"105","year":"1979","unstructured":"SUNDICK, R.S., ABNORMAL THYROID REGULATION IN CHICKENS WITH AUTO-IMMUNE THYROIDITIS, ENDOCRINOLOGY 105: 493 (1979).","journal-title":"ENDOCRINOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","first-page":"3","volume":"2","year":"1981","unstructured":"SUNDICK, R.S., IMMUNOLOGIC DEFECTS 2: 3 (1981).","journal-title":"IMMUNOLOGIC DEFECTS"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.116.5.1319","volume":"116","year":"1976","unstructured":"SUNDICK, R.S., INCREASED IODINE UPTAKE BY OBESE STRAIN THYROID-GLANDS TRANSPLANTED TO NORMAL CHICK-EMBRYOS, JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 116: 1319 (1976).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1966.01320230144026","volume":"92","year":"1966","unstructured":"WEAVER, D.K., SURGICAL THYROID DISEASE - A SURVEY BEFORE AND AFTER IODINE PROPHYLAXIS, ARCHIVES OF SURGERY 92: 796 (1966).","journal-title":"ARCHIVES OF SURGERY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","first-page":"210","volume":"103","year":"1983","unstructured":"WEETMAN, A.P., IODIDE ENHANCES IGG SYNTHESIS BY HUMAN PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES INVITRO, ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA 103: 210 (1983).","journal-title":"ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA"}],"container-title":["Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/science.4048936","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,14]],"date-time":"2024-01-14T09:28:02Z","timestamp":1705224482000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.4048936"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1985,10,18]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4723","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,10,18]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/science.4048936"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.4048936","relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-8075","1095-9203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-8075","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-9203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1985,10,18]]}}}