{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T17:31:39Z","timestamp":1791048699867,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"5144","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,1,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Protection induced by vaccination depends on the capacity of the vaccine to elicit an appropriate immune response. In leishmaniasis, protection requires leishmanial-specific CD4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T helper (T\n            <jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>\n            ) cells. Vaccination of BALB\/c mice with leishmanial antigens and interleukin-12 (IL-12) promoted the development of leishmanial-specific CD4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T\n            <jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>\n            1 cells. These mice were resistant to subsequent infection with\n            <jats:italic>Leishmania major<\/jats:italic>\n            . Thus, IL-12 is an effective adjuvant for the initiation of protective cell-mediated immunity against leishmaniasis and may be an important component in other vaccines that need to induce cell-mediated immunity.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7904381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,6]],"date-time":"2006-10-06T00:01:25Z","timestamp":1160092885000},"page":"235-237","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":496,"title":["The Adjuvant Effect of Interleukin-12 in a Vaccine Against\n            <i>Leishmania major<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"263","author":[{"given":"Luis C. C.","family":"Afonso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanya M.","family":"Scharton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leda Q.","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Wysocka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Trinchieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"AFONSO LCC unpublished data."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.173.4.869","volume":"173","year":"1991","unstructured":"CHAN, S.H., INDUCTION OF INTERFERON-GAMMA PRODUCTION BY NATURAL-KILLER-CELL STIMULATORY FACTOR - CHARACTERIZATION OF THE RESPONDER CELLS AND SYNERGY WITH OTHER INDUCERS, JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE 173: 869 (1991).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.176.5.1387","volume":"176","year":"1992","unstructured":"DANDREA, A, PRODUCTION OF NATURAL-KILLER-CELL STIMULATORY FACTOR (INTERLEUKIN-12) BY PERIPHERAL-BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS, JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE 176: 1387 (1992).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"6115","volume":"90","year":"1993","unstructured":"GAZZINELLI, R.T., INTERLEUKIN-12 IS REQUIRED FOR THE T-LYMPHOCYTE-INDEPENDENT INDUCTION OF INTERFERON-GAMMA BY AN INTRACELLULAR PARASITE AND INDUCES RESISTANCE IN T-CELL-DEFICIENT HOSTS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 90: 6115 (1993).","journal-title":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.169.1.59"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.177.5.1505","volume":"177","year":"1993","unstructured":"HEINZEL, F.P., RECOMBINANT INTERLEUKIN-12 CURES MICE INFECTED WITH LEISHMANIA-MAJOR, JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE 177: 1505 (1993).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8097338"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/5.9.1119","volume":"5","year":"1993","unstructured":"MACATONIA, S.E., DENDRITIC CELLS AND MACROPHAGES ARE REQUIRED FOR TH1 DEVELOPMENT OF CD4+ T-CELLS FROM ALPHA-BETA-TCR TRANSGENIC MICE - IL-12 SUBSTITUTION FOR MACROPHAGES TO STIMULATE IFN-GAMMA PRODUCTION IS IFN-GAMMA-DEPENDENT, INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY 5: 1119 (1993).","journal-title":"INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.177.4.1199","volume":"177","year":"1993","unstructured":"MANETTI, R, NATURAL-KILLER-CELL STIMULATORY FACTOR (INTERLEUKIN-12 [IL-12]) INDUCES T-HELPER TYPE-1 (TH1)-SPECIFIC IMMUNE-RESPONSES AND INHIBITS THE DEVELOPMENT OF IL-4-PRODUCING TH CELLS, JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE 177: 1199 (1993).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2348","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.136.7.2348","volume":"136","year":"1986","unstructured":"MOSMANN, T.R., 2 TYPES OF MURINE HELPER T-CELL CLONE .1. 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