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Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), originally identified as a trophic factor specific for dopaminergic neurons, was found to be 75-fold more potent than the neurotrophins in supporting the survival of purified embryonic rat motoneurons in culture. GDNF messenger RNA was found in the immediate vicinity of motoneurons during the period of cell death in development. In vivo, GDNF rescues and prevents the atrophy of facial motoneurons that have been deprived of target-derived survival factors by axotomy. GDNF may therefore be a physiological trophic factor for spinal motoneurons. Its potency and specificity in vitro and in vivo also make it a good candidate for treatment of motoneuron disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7973664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,5]],"date-time":"2006-10-05T20:01:25Z","timestamp":1160078485000},"page":"1062-1064","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1051,"title":["GDNF: a Potent Survival Factor for Motoneurons Present in Peripheral Nerve and Muscle"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"266","author":[{"given":"Christopher E.","family":"Henderson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U.382, IBDM, Case 907 Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi S.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4990, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard A.","family":"Pollock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U.382, IBDM, Case 907 Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alun M.","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland KY16 9AJ, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corinne","family":"Lemeulle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U.382, IBDM, Case 907 Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Armanini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4990, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Simmons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Genetics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4990, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Moffet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4990, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard A.","family":"Vandlen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4990, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vassilis E.","family":"Koliatsos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology, Neurology, and Neuroscience and the Neuropathology Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21208, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnon","family":"Rosenthal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4990, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3507","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.10-11-03507.1990","volume":"10","year":"1990","unstructured":"ARAKAWA, Y, SURVIVAL EFFECT OF CILIARY NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (CNTF) ON CHICK EMBRYONIC MOTONEURONS IN CULTURE - COMPARISON WITH OTHER NEUROTROPHIC FACTORS AND CYTOKINES, JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE 10: 3507 (1990).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.95.3.763","volume":"95","year":"1982","unstructured":"BADER, D, IMMUNOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF MYOSIN HEAVY-CHAIN DURING AVIAN MYOGENESIS INVIVO AND INVITRO, JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY 95: 763 (1982).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(79)90048-9","volume":"165","year":"1979","unstructured":"BROCKES, J.P., STUDIES ON CULTURED RAT SCHWANN-CELLS .1. 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