{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T07:17:47Z","timestamp":1780384667135,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"5094","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,1,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            The function of neuropeptide Y, one of the most abundant peptide transmitters of the mammalian brain, remains unclear because of a lack of specific receptor antagonists. An antisense oligodeoxynucleotide corresponding to the NH\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            -terminus of the rat Y1 receptor was constructed and added to cultures of rat cortical neurons. This treatment resulted in a reduced density of Y1 (but not Y2) receptors and diminished the decrease in adenosine 3\u2032,5\u2032-monophosphate (cAMP) usually seen after Y1 receptor activation. Repeated injection of the same oligodeoxynucleotide into the lateral cerebral ventricle of rats was followed by a similar reduction of cortical Y1 (but not Y2) receptors. Such antisense-treated animals displayed behavioral signs of anxiety. Thus, specific inhibition of neurotransmitter receptor expression can be accomplished in the living brain and demonstrates that altered central neuropeptide Y transmission produces an anxiety-like state.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8380941","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,5]],"date-time":"2006-10-05T23:05:09Z","timestamp":1160089509000},"page":"528-531","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":465,"title":["Modulation of Anxiety and Neuropeptide Y-Y1 Receptors by Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotides"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"259","author":[{"given":"Claes","family":"Wahlestedt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Cornell University Medical College, New York, NY 10021."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilio Merlo","family":"Pich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropharmacology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George F.","family":"Koob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropharmacology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frances","family":"Yee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Cornell University Medical College, New York, NY 10021."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Heilig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropharmacology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1038\/306584a0","volume":"306","year":"1983","unstructured":"ADRIAN, T.E., NEUROPEPTIDE-Y DISTRIBUTION IN HUMAN-BRAIN, NATURE 306: 584 (1983).","journal-title":"NATURE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(91)90220-N","volume":"130","year":"1991","unstructured":"AICHER, S.A., RECEPTOR-SELECTIVE ANALOGS DEMONSTRATE NPY PYY RECEPTOR HETEROGENEITY IN RAT-BRAIN, NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS 130: 32 (1991).","journal-title":"NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/0962-8924(92)90100-2","volume":"2","year":"1992","unstructured":"AKHTAR, S, TRENDS CELL BIOL 2: 139 (1992).","journal-title":"TRENDS CELL BIOL"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115421","volume":"88","year":"1991","unstructured":"BURCH, R.M., OLIGONUCLEOTIDES ANTISENSE TO THE INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR MESSENGER-RNA BLOCK THE EFFECTS OF INTERLEUKIN-1 IN CULTURED MURINE AND HUMAN FIBROBLASTS AND IN MICE, JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION 88: 1190 (1991).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-115-1-427"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00504983","volume":"327","year":"1984","unstructured":"HANDLEY, S.L., EFFECTS OF ALPHA-ADRENOCEPTOR AGONISTS AND ANTAGONISTS IN A MAZE-EXPLORATION MODEL OF FEAR-MOTIVATED BEHAVIOR, NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERGS ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 327: 1 (1984).","journal-title":"NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERGS ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1990.tb01366.x","volume":"82","year":"1990","unstructured":"HEILIG, M, NEUROPEPTIDE-Y - 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