{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T02:28:35Z","timestamp":1789180115079,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"4257","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1976,9,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            A purified toxin (the B\n            <jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>\n            fraction) from black widow spider venom added to the solution on one side of a lipid bilayer membrane interacts irreversibly with the membrane to produce a continuous, linear rise of membrane conductance with time. Conductances greater than 10\n            <jats:sup>-4<\/jats:sup>\n            reciprocal ohm per square centimeter can eventually be attained without any loss of membrane stability. Membranes treated with toxin are ideally selective for alkali cations over anions and are substantially permeable to calcium ion. These effects of the toxin result from the formation of permanent channels in the membrane of uniform conductance, 3.6 \u00d7 10\n            <jats:sup>-10<\/jats:sup>\n            reciprocal ohm (in 0.1 molar potassium chloride), that remain open almost all the time. Both the divalent cation permeability and the smaller conductances at low\n            <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n            H of toxin-treated membranes suggest that there is negative charge (possibly from carboxyl groups) associated with the channels. We discuss the possible relation of the action of this toxin on lipid bilayer membranes to its ability to stimulate massive transmitter release at the neuromuscular junction and to produce profound morphological changes on tissue cultured neurons.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.948756","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,5]],"date-time":"2006-10-05T15:51:28Z","timestamp":1160063488000},"page":"1009-1011","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":159,"title":["Black Widow Spider Venom: Effect of Purified Toxin on Lipid Bilayer Membranes"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"193","author":[{"given":"Alan","family":"Finkelstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee L.","family":"Rubin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rockefeller University, New York 10021"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mu-Chin","family":"Tzeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rockefeller University, New York 10021"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1975.sp010928","volume":"247","year":"1975","unstructured":"BAKER, P.F., JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON 247: 209 (1975).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1975.sp011154","volume":"252","year":"1975","unstructured":"CASTILLO, J.D., JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON 252: 491 (1975).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.52.1.1","volume":"52","year":"1972","unstructured":"CLARK, A.W., CHANGES IN FINE-STRUCTURE OF NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION OF FROG CAUSED BY BLACK WIDOW SPIDER VENOM, JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY 52: 1 (1972).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(74)32049-6","article-title":"Bilayers: Formation, measurements, and incorporation of components","volume":"32","year":"1974","unstructured":"FINKELSTEIN, A, Bilayers: Formation, measurements, and incorporation of components, METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY 32: 489 (1974).","journal-title":"METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.68.3.462","volume":"68","year":"1976","unstructured":"FRONTALI, N, PURIFICATION FROM BLACK-WIDOW SPIDER VENOM OF A PROTEIN FACTOR CAUSING DEPLETION OF SYNAPTIC VESICLES AT NEUROMUSCULAR-JUNCTIONS, JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY 68: 462 (1976).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1967.sp008183","volume":"189","year":"1967","unstructured":"KATZ, B, JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON 189: 535 (1967).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1038\/225701a0","volume":"225","year":"1970","unstructured":"LONGENECKER, H.E., EFFECTS OF BLACK WIDOW SPIDER VENOM ON FROG NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION . EFFECTS ON END-PLATE POTENTIAL, MINIATURE END-PLATE POTENTIAL AND NERVE TERMINAL SPIKE, NATURE 225: 701 (1970).","journal-title":"NATURE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1038\/260337a0","volume":"260","year":"1976","unstructured":"LOWE, D.A., INCREASING INTRACELLULAR SODIUM TRIGGERS CALCIUM RELEASE FROM BOUND POOLS, NATURE 260: 337 (1976).","journal-title":"NATURE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1021\/j100796a529","volume":"67","year":"1963","unstructured":"MUELLER, P, METHODS FOR FORMATION OF SINGLE BIMOLECULAR LIPID MEMBRANES IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION, JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 67: 534 (1963).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"RUBIN L.L. THESIS ROCKEFELLER U (1976)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"623","year":"1975","unstructured":"Rubin, L. L., Abstracts, 5th Annual Meeting, Society for Neuroscience: 623 (1975).","journal-title":"Abstracts, 5th Annual Meeting, Society for Neuroscience"}],"container-title":["Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/science.948756","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]],"date-time":"2024-01-15T17:51:24Z","timestamp":1705341084000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.948756"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1976,9,10]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4257","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1976,9,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/science.948756"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.948756","relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-8075","1095-9203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-8075","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-9203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1976,9,10]]}}}