{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T12:33:31Z","timestamp":1790944411372,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"4266","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1976,11,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            The biting louse\n            <jats:italic>Trinoton anserinum<\/jats:italic>\n            serves as the intermediate host in the life cycle of the filarial heartworm,\n            <jats:italic>Sarconema eurycerca<\/jats:italic>\n            . Microfilariae, second-, and third-stage larvae were dissected from 39 of 89 lice infesting whistling swans, \"\n            <jats:italic>Cygnus columbianus columbianus<\/jats:italic>\n            , in North America and mute swans,\n            <jats:italic>Cygnus olor<\/jats:italic>\n            , in the Black Sea, U.S.S.R. Infective third-stage larvae obtained from lice collected from heartworm-parasitized whistling swans were injected subcutaneously into each of two hand-reared, nonparasitized mute swan cygnets. Both of these birds developed heartworm infections, one becoming microfilaremic at 14 weeks. The results of this study provide conclusive evidence that a mallophagan serves as a natural cyclodevelopmental vector of a filarial parasite.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.982042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,5]],"date-time":"2006-10-05T15:51:28Z","timestamp":1160063488000},"page":"739-741","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["A Mallophaga,\n            <i>Trinoton anserinum<\/i>\n            , as a Cyclodevelopmental Vector for a Heartworm Parasite of Waterfowl"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"194","author":[{"given":"William S.","family":"Seegar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Everett L.","family":"Schiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William J. L.","family":"Sladen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milan","family":"Trpis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1139\/z56-050","volume":"34","year":"1956","unstructured":"ANDERSON, R. C., CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 34: 485 (1956).","journal-title":"CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"640","volume":"31","year":"1938","unstructured":"COLASBELCOUR, J, BULLETIN DE LA SOCIETE DE PATHOLOGIE EXOTIQUE 31: 640 (1938).","journal-title":"BULLETIN DE LA SOCIETE DE PATHOLOGIE EXOTIQUE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.2307\/4080023","volume":"63","year":"1946","unstructured":"COWAN, I.M., AUK 63: 248 (1946).","journal-title":"AUK"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"355","volume":"24","year":"1970","unstructured":"DERYLO, A, ANNALES UNIVERSITATIS MARIAE CURIE-SKLODOWSKA, SECTIO C. BIOLOGIA 24: 355 (1970).","journal-title":"ANNALES UNIVERSITATIS MARIAE CURIE-SKLODOWSKA, SECTIO C. BIOLOGIA"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"137","volume":"6","year":"1905","unstructured":"DUTTON, J.E., THOMPSON YATES (AND JOHNSON) LABORATORY REPORT 6: 137 (1905).","journal-title":"THOMPSON YATES (AND JOHNSON) LABORATORY REPORT"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.2307\/3797255","volume":"20","year":"1956","unstructured":"HANSON, H, J WILDL MANAGE 20: 89 (1956).","journal-title":"J WILDL MANAGE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.1949.tb00888.x","volume":"119","year":"1949","unstructured":"HOPKINS, GHE, THE HOST-ASSOCIATIONS OF THE LICE OF MAMMALS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON 119: 387 (1949).","journal-title":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.2307\/3796714","volume":"17","year":"1953","unstructured":"LEVINE, N.D., BLOOD PARASITES OF THE CANADA GOOSE, - BRANTA CANADENSIS INTERIOR, JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 17: 185 (1953).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT"},{"issue":"126","key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"653","article-title":"Catalogue of helminths of waterfowl (Anatidae)","year":"1969","unstructured":"MCDONALD, M. E., Catalogue of helminths of waterfowl (Anatidae), SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC REPORT-WILDLIFE 126: 653 (1969).","journal-title":"SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC REPORT-WILDLIFE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"119","article-title":"Nematodes in a swan heart","year":"1959","unstructured":"RYZHIKOR, K, Nematodes in a swan heart, PRIRODA: 119 (1959).","journal-title":"PRIRODA"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"368","article-title":"On the characteristics of a filariae from the heart of a bir","year":"1958","unstructured":"RYZHIKOV, K, On the characteristics of a filariae from the heart of a bir, SB RAB GELMINTOL: 368 (1958).","journal-title":"SB RAB GELMINTOL"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"234","article-title":"On the helminth fauna of Cygnus bewickii, Yarrell, 1830","year":"1959","unstructured":"RYZHIKOR, K, On the helminth fauna of Cygnus bewickii, Yarrell, 1830, T GELMINTOL LAB AKAD: 234 (1959).","journal-title":"T GELMINTOL LAB AKAD"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"14","volume":"20","year":"1966","unstructured":"SCHALM, O.W., CALIFORNIA VETERINARIAN 20: 14 (1966).","journal-title":"CALIFORNIA VETERINARIAN"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"608","year":"1948","unstructured":"Skniabin, K. I., Filariae of Animals and Man: 608 (1948).","journal-title":"Filariae of Animals and Man"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"313","volume":"24","year":"1936","unstructured":"VEINTEMELLAS, F, REVIEW OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY. SERIES B, MEDICAL AND VETERINARY 24: 313 (1936).","journal-title":"REVIEW OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY. SERIES B, MEDICAL AND VETERINARY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","first-page":"95","volume":"6","year":"1939","unstructured":"WEHR, E. E., PROCEEDINGS OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 6: 95 (1939).","journal-title":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON"}],"container-title":["Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/science.982042","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]],"date-time":"2024-01-15T16:42:41Z","timestamp":1705336961000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.982042"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1976,11,12]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4266","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1976,11,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/science.982042"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.982042","relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-8075","1095-9203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-8075","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-9203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1976,11,12]]}}}