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Although the expansion decreases C9orf72 expression, most research has focused on the toxic RNA and protein products it creates in neurons. O'Rourke\n                    <jats:italic>et al.<\/jats:italic>\n                    found that C9orf72 unexpectedly plays a key role in innate immune cells. Loss of C9orf72 in mice led to macrophage and microglial dysfunction and age-related neuroinflammation. This raises the possibility of a \u201cdual-effect\u201d disease mechanism, in which toxic byproducts in neurons are combined with microglial dysfunction from decreased C9orf72 expression, together promoting neurodegeneration.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Science<\/jats:italic>\n                    , this issue p.\n                    <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" issue=\"6279\" page=\"1324\" related-article-type=\"in-this-issue\" vol=\"351\" xlink:href=\"10.1126\/science.aaf1064\">1324<\/jats:related-article>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf1064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,18]],"date-time":"2016-03-18T03:38:23Z","timestamp":1458272303000},"page":"1324-1329","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":550,"title":["<i>C9orf72<\/i>\n                    is required for proper macrophage and microglial function in mice"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"351","author":[{"given":"J. G.","family":"O\u2019Rourke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Bogdanik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Y\u00e1\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Lall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. 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