{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T20:02:19Z","timestamp":1791576139350,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"6313","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32GM008185"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32GM008185"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DGE-1144087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DGE-1144087"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000008","name":"David and Lucile Packard Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000008","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EF-0928690"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EF-0928690"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Lifelong protection against severe influenza<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The first influenza attack that a child suffers can affect the way that their lifelong immunity to the virus builds up. A wide range of influenza A virus subtypes infect humans. Subtype H5 belongs to HA group 1 (which also includes H1 and H2 subtypes), and subtype H7 belongs to HA group 2 (which also includes the H3 subtype). Gostic\n                    <jats:italic>et al.<\/jats:italic>\n                    found that birth-year cohorts that experienced first infections with seasonal H3 subtype viruses were less susceptible to the potentially fatal avian influenza H7N9 virus (see the Perspective by Viboud and Epstein). Conversely, older individuals who were exposed to H1 or H2 subtype viruses as youngsters were less susceptible to avian H5N1-bearing viruses. A mathematical model of the protective effect of this imprinting could potentially prove useful to predict the age distribution and severity of future pandemics.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Science<\/jats:italic>\n                    , this issue p.\n                    <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" issue=\"6313\" page=\"722\" related-article-type=\"in-this-issue\" vol=\"354\" xlink:href=\"10.1126\/science.aag1322\">722<\/jats:related-article>\n                    ; see also p.\n                    <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" issue=\"6313\" page=\"706\" related-article-type=\"in-this-issue\" vol=\"354\" xlink:href=\"10.1126\/science.aak9816\">706<\/jats:related-article>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aag1322","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,11]],"date-time":"2016-11-11T08:42:57Z","timestamp":1478853777000},"page":"722-726","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":505,"title":["Potent protection against H5N1 and H7N9 influenza via childhood hemagglutinin imprinting"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"354","author":[{"given":"Katelyn M.","family":"Gostic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monique","family":"Ambrose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Worobey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James O.","family":"Lloyd-Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA."},{"name":"Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ345"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61171-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268814001976"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040059"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/currents.outbreaks.264e737b489bef383fbcbaba60daf928"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.18.19.20475-en"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2008.131821"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20101352"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1200039109"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1118979109"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3006637"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03183-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1414070111"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00150-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","first-page":"572","article-title":"On the doctrine of original antigenic sin","volume":"104","author":"Francis T.","year":"1960","unstructured":"FrancisT., On the doctrine of original antigenic sin. Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. 104, 572\u2013578 (1960).","journal-title":"Proc. Am. Philos. Soc."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002802"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1303.060849"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(13)70698-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1324197111"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-009-0108-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2014.19.5.20687"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/656188"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.89.1.170-174.1965"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02434-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2612"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aad0522"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu660"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.1566"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI74374"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050074"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2014.0268"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016965"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","first-page":"15","article-title":"Mortality from influenza","volume":"83","author":"Dauer C. C.","year":"1961","unstructured":"DauerC. C.SerflingR. E., Mortality from influenza. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 83, 15\u201328 (1961).","journal-title":"Am. Rev. Respir. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ics.2004.01.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/338820"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.16.32.19941-en"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/currents.outbreaks.e1473d9bfc99d080ca242139a06c455f"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Kucharski H. L. Mills A. Pinsent C. Fraser M. Van Kerkhove C. A. Donnelly S. Riley Data from: Distinguishing between reservoir exposure and human-to-human transmission for emerging pathogens using case onset data. (Dryad Digital Repository 2014).10.5061\/dryad.2g43n","DOI":"10.1371\/currents.outbreaks.e1473d9bfc99d080ca242139a06c455f"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","unstructured":"K. P. Burnham D. R. Anderson Model Selection and Multimodel Inference: A Practical Information-Theoretic Approach (Springer New York ed. 2 2002)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","unstructured":"U.S. Census Bureau International Programs International Data Base (U.S. Census Bureau Washington DC 2015); www.census.gov\/population\/international\/data\/idb\/region.php?N=Results&T=10&A=separate&RT=0&Y=2013&R=-1&C=ID."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2015.1387"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2013.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.-A. Widdowson A. S. Monto in Textbook of Influenza R. G. Webster A. S. Monto T. J. Braciale R. A. Lamb Eds. (Wiley & Sons Oxford ed. 2 2013) pp. 250\u2013265.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118636817.ch16"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00396-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/338363"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.epirev.a017917"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","unstructured":"Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System \u201cFluNet\u201d (2015); www.who.int\/influenza\/gisrs_laboratory\/flunet\/en\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.2.179"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.08.082"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts199"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btl446"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwr122"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03063"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1176062"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.05.067"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-2659.2009.00106.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1177373"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e31819d1092"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","unstructured":"Public Health England Influenza: The Green Book chapter 19 (Public Health England London version 10 2015); https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/influenza-the-green-book-chapter-19."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","unstructured":"Public Health England \u201cThe National Childhood Flu Immunisation Programme 2016\/17: Information for healthcare practitioners\u201d (2016); https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/540515\/Childhood_flu_programme_information_for_healthcare_practitioners.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","unstructured":"Public Health England \u201cSeasonal influenza vaccine uptake amongst GP patients in England provisional monthly data for 1 September 2014 to 31 January 2015\u201d (Public Health England London 2015); https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/407946\/2903322_SeasonalFlu_GP_Jan2015_acc2.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-8-272"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","unstructured":"Public Health England \u201cSeasonal flu vaccine uptake in children of primary school age: Winter season 2015 to 2016\u201d (2016); https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/statistics\/seasonal-flu-vaccine-uptake-in-children-of-primary-school-age-winter-season-2015-to-2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.10.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12302"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0073724"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-1026"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u201cInfluenza vaccination coverage among children aged 6\u201323 months\u2014United States 2008\u201309 influenza season\u201d (2010); www.cdc.gov\/flu\/fluvaxview\/coverage_6-23months.htm."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2006.06.036"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0408290102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","unstructured":"G. R. Noble in Basic and Applied Influenza Research A. S. Beare Ed. (CRC Press Boca Raton FL 1982) pp. 11\u201350."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/4584522"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/4587915"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a113063"}],"container-title":["Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/science.aag1322","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]],"date-time":"2024-01-15T12:57:17Z","timestamp":1705323437000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.aag1322"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,11]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6313","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/science.aag1322"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aag1322","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/061598","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0036-8075","1095-9203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-8075","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-9203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,11]]}}}